3 Taxonomists Flashcards
Carl Linneaus
Swedish physician/botanist (1780)
developed science of taxonomy
used morphology to classify organisms
2 kingdoms: plantae, animalia
taxonomy
science of organizing living organisms
Linneaus 2 contributions
7 levels of hierarchy system of organization
scientific naming system (binomial nomenclature)
7 level hierarchy
kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
7 level hierarchy pneumonic
king phillip came over for good spaghetti
human 7 level hierarchy
kingdom: animalia
phylum: chordata
class: mammalia
order: primate
family: hominidae
genus: homo
species: sapien
scientific naming
Genus species
1) capitalize “g” in Genus
2) species all lowercase
3) use italics, underline if handwritten
eukaryote
have membrane bound organelles
have a nucleus
prokaryoke/moneran
do not have membrane bound organelles
no nucleus
Whittaker
(1960) - used morphology to classify organisms
six kingdom system
protist
any eukaryote that is not a fungus, plant, or animal
Whittaker’s 6 kingdom system
prokaryotes: bacteria (E. coli), archae (halophile)
eukaryotes: protist (amoeba), fungus (mushroom), plant (pine tree), animal (periwinkle snail)
Carl Woese
(1980) Univ. of Illinois bacteriologist
used rRNA sequence similarities to classify organisms
the more similar the sequence, the more closely related the organisms are
Carl Woese cont’d
developed 3 domain system (broader group than kingdom)
domains: bacteria, archae, eukarya
used 5 kingdom system
Woese’s 5 kingdom system
prokaryotes-monerans
eukaryotes-protist, fungus, plants, animals
