More micro basics

Question 1

obligate aerobes

Answer 1

M TB, pseudomonas, nocardia.

remember, pseudomonas is seen in burns, complications of DM, nosocomial pneumonia, and pneumonia in cystic fibrosis

Question 2

obligate anaerobes examples. why are the obligate anaerobes? Special treatment considerations?

Answer 2

clostridium, bacteroides, and actinomyces. no catalase or superoxide dismutase, so they are susceptible to oxidative damage. Aminoglycosides are ineffectve because they require O2 to enter the bacterial cell

Question 3

obligate intracellular bugs

Answer 3

rickettsia, chlamydia

Question 4

encapsulated bacteria: what are the encapsulated bacteria, virulence factor, vaccine approach

Answer 4

SHiNE SKiS: salmonella, HiB, Neisseria, E. coli, Strep pneumo, Klebsiella pneumo, group B strep.
capsules are antiphagocytic virulence factor, and vaccines have capsule and protein conjugate.
give S pneumo, HiB, and N. meningitidis vaccine to asplenic ppl

Question 5

What are the catalase positive organisms?

Answer 5

staph, pseudomonas, listeria, aspergillus, candida, E. coli, serratia. bad for ppl with chronic granulomatous disease.
(PLACESS: pseudomonas, listeria, aspergillus, candida, E. coli, Staph, serratia)

Question 6

Why might we conjugate polysaccharides to carrier proteins when we design vaccines? Examples?

Answer 6

because a polysaccharide alone cannot be presented to T cells. HiB and meningococcal vaccines are both conjugates; both conjugated and unconjugated pneumococcal vaccines exist.

Question 7

What is urease and what are the urease positive organisms?

Answer 7

cryptococcus, H. pylori, proteus, ureaplasma, nocardia, klebsiella, S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus.

Question 8

What are the 4 pigment producing bacteria?

Answer 8

actinomyces israelii: yellow “sulfur” granules made of bacterial filaments. S. aureus: yellow pigment. Pseudomonase aeruginosa: blue/green pigment; Serratia marcescens: red pigment.

Question 9

protein A: function, relevant bug

Answer 9

binds Fc region of IgG and prevents opsonization and phagocytosis. expressed by S. aureus. this is a bacterial virulence factor.

Question 10

IgA protease

Answer 10

enzyme that cleaves IgA. secreted by S. pneumo, HiB, and Neisseria to colonize the respiratory mucosa

Question 11

M protein

Answer 11

helps prevent phagocytosis. expressed by group A strep