End of protozoa and begining of helmiths

Question 1

trypanosoma cruzi

Answer 1

causes chagas disease: dilated cardiomyopathy, megacolon, megaesophagus. predominantely in South America.

Question 2

transmission of trypanosoma cruzi, dx, and tx

Answer 2

reduviid bug feces deposited in a painless bite.

dx with blood smear. give benznidazole or nifurtimox

Question 3

What is leishmania donovani?

Answer 3

visceal leishmaniasis: spiking fevers, hepatosplenomegaly, and pancytopenia

Question 4

Transmission, Dx, and tx of leishmania donovani

Answer 4

transmitted by the sandfly. dx with macrophages containg amastigotes. tx: amphotericin B, (sodium stibogluconate

Question 5

trichomonas vaginalis: dx, disease, treatment

Answer 5

vaginitis: foul-smelling, greenish discharge, istching and burning. see motile trophozoites on wet mount and “strawberry cervix” on exam. tx is metronidazole

Question 6

transmission, disease, and tx of enterobius vermicularis?

Answer 6

aka pin worm
transmitted fecal-oral
this is an intestinal infection that causes anal pruritis
give bendazoles
(roundworm)

Question 7

transmission, disease, and tx of ascaris lumbricoides

Answer 7

fecal oral transmission. eggs visible under microscope. causes intestinal infection. give bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate. roundworm (nematode)

Question 8

Strongyloides sterocoralis transmission, disease, and tx

Answer 8

larvae in soil penetrate the skin. causes intestinal disease with vomiting, diarrhea, and epigastric pain (like PUD). give albendazole or ivermectin
roundworm (nematode)

Question 9

Necator americanus: transmission, disease, and tx

Answer 9

aka hookworm. larvae penetrate the skin. intestinal infection that causes anemia by sucking blood from intestinal walls. tx is bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
roundworm

Question 10

onchocerca volvulusL transmission, disease, and tx

Answer 10

transmitted by female black fly. causes river blindness and hyperpigmented skin (black fly, black skin lesions, black sight). allergic rxn ro microfilaria possible. give Ivermectin. roundworm

Question 11

Loa loa transmission, disease, and tx

Answer 11

transmitted by deer fly, horse fly, and mango fly. causes swelling of skin and a worm in the conjunctiva. tx is diethylcarbamazine
roundworm

Question 12

Wuchereria bancrofti

Answer 12

transmitted by female mosquito. blocks lympathic vessels and causes elephantiasis. takes up to 1 year to become symptomatic. treat with diethylcarbamazine
roundworm

Question 13

Toxocara canis

Answer 13

fecal oral. causes visceral larva migrans. treat w/ albendazole or mebendazole.

Question 14

What nematodes are transmitted by ingestion?

Answer 14

enterobius, ascaris, toxocara (EAT)

Question 15

What nematodes are transmitted cutaneously?

Answer 15

Strongyloides, anclystoma, necator

Question 16

What nematodes are transmited by bites?

Answer 16

loa loa, onchocerca volvulus, wuchereria bancrofti