morality

Question 1

morality

Answer 1

ability to distinguish right from wrong, act on this distinction, and experience emotions associated with doing right and wrong
- emotional component
- cognitive component
- behavior component

Question 2

emotional component

Answer 2

feelings regarding right or wrong actions that motivate moral thoughts

Question 3

cognitive component

Answer 3

how we think about right or wrong actions that motivate moral thoughts

Question 4

behavioral component

Answer 4

how we act when we are confronted with a moral dilemma

Question 5

moral reasoning

Answer 5

thinking process involved in deciding whether an act is right or wrong

Question 6

Lawrence Kohlberg on moral dilemmas - moral reasoning progresses through universal stages (3 levels, 6 stages)

Answer 6

1. preconvential morality (1 and 2)
2. conventional morality (3 and 4)
3. postconventional morality (5 and 6)

Question 7

preconventional morality

Answer 7

rules are external to the self-conform to avoid punishment/obtain reward

Question 8

conventional morality

Answer 8

internalized moral values - respect rules set by others 1st win approval, then to maintain social order

Question 9

postconventional morality

Answer 9

“right” comes from board principles of justice, not particular authority figures - recognize some laws violate basic moral principles/ human rights

Question 10

prosocial behavior

Answer 10

all children differ, positive social acts that reflect concern for the welfare of others, they differ in:
- how often they engage in and the reasons for doing so

Question 11

origins of prosocial behavior and rooted in

Answer 11

empathy and sympathy
- both include ability to take another’s prespective

Question 12

empathy

Answer 12

emotional reaction to another’s emotional state or condition that is similar to that person’s state/condition

Question 13

sympathy

Answer 13

feeling of concern for another in reaction to their emotional state/condition

Question 14

Development of prosocial behavior

Answer 14

• newborns: primitive form of empathy
• 1-2 years old: try to comfort others
  -2-3 years old: ability to take perspective of friend, increased prosocial behavior

Question 15

prosocial acts by toddlers

Answer 15

• helping, cooperation, altruistic rather than selfish motives, fairness and moral judgement

Question 16

antisocial behavior

Answer 16

behavior that violates social norms, rules, etc…

Question 17

aggressive behavior

Answer 17

behavior aimed at harming/injuring others
- motivated by desire to obtain a concrete goal
- relational aggression damages peer relationships

Question 18

development of aggression

Answer 18

• emerges at 18 months, increases until age 3, then decreases
• verbal aggression increases as language skills increase
• instrumental aggression common in preschoolers
• physical aggression and decreases during pre and elementary school
• conduct disorder

Question 19

conduct disorder

Answer 19

persistent pattern of violating the rights of others or age-appropriate societal norms, fighting/bullying

Question 20

self-reported violence

Answer 20

overt aggression decrease in adolescence
serious acts of violence increase in adolescence

Question 21

anti social kids develop…

Answer 21

a hostile attribution bias, hostile goals in social situations, favor aggression responses over prosocial responses

Question 22

hostile attribution bias

Answer 22

tend to interpret the world through an aggressive lens and assume negative/ambiguous situations are deliberate

Question 23

social and emotional learning (SEL)

Answer 23

understanding and managing emotions, setting goals, showing empathy
- results: increased prosocial behavior, decreased antisocial behavior, increased academic performance, increased graduation rate, decreased arrest rest

Question 24

fast track

Answer 24

an intervention designed to prevent antisocial behavior and violence

Question 25

2 major parts of fast track

Answer 25

• special curriculum to increase prosocial and emotional regulation
• intensive intervention

Question 26

intensive intervention

Answer 26

meetings, social skills training, academic tutoring, parents received training in parenting skills
- effective