friendships

Question 1

friendships are

Answer 1

• intimate
• reciprocated
• positive relationships
• between people

Question 2

dimensions of friendship

Answer 2

• validating and care
• conflict resolution
  -conflict and betrayal
• help and guidance
• companionship and recreation
• intimate exchange

Question 3

friends provide…

Answer 3

source of emotional support and security
- also serve as buffer against unpleasant experiences

Question 4

children with reciprocated best friend…

Answer 4

fewer adjustment problems

Question 5

positive effects of friendship

Answer 5

provide context for developing social skills and the knowledge needed to form other positive relationships
- promote cognitive skills and enhance performance on creative tasks
- positive social outcomes in middle childhood
- competent and adjustment in adulthood

Question 6

negative effects

Answer 6

antisocial and aggressive friends = become more aggressive

Question 7

young children groups

Answer 7

preschool: clear dominance hierarchy
middle childhood: more than dominance, concerned about peer group status

Question 8

measuring peer group status

Answer 8

rate how much they like/dislike classmate or most to least
- sociometric status: the degree to which children are liked to disliked by their peers as a groups

Question 9

sociometric categories

Answer 9

popular, rejected, neglected, controversial, average

Question 10

sociometric popularity

Answer 10

liked by many

Question 11

perceived popularity

Answer 11

status, power, visibility, increased aggression

Question 12

why are some more popular?

Answer 12

• physical attractiveness, intelligence
• social competence and good emotion regulation skills

Question 13

rejected children

Answer 13

increased aggression, hostile motives, can’t solve social problems

Question 14

neglected

Answer 14

good social skills, shy/unassertive/nonaggressive

Question 15

controversial

Answer 15

good social skills and aggressive

Question 16

social skills training programs teach kids to

Answer 16

• pay attention to what is going on in a group of peers
• cooperate
• rehearse skills for participants with peers
• communicate in positive ways

Question 17

first peer relations

Answer 17

• infants show interest in other babies
• 12 months: sharing, cooperation, empathy
• 18 months: reciprocal, complementary play with peers
• 12-18 months: prefer some kids over others

Question 18

peer networks

Answer 18

• 10% of toddlerhood with peers
• 30% of middle childhood with peers

Question 19

peer status study

Answer 19

• 7-8 year olds
• 39% of rejected had at least one friend
• 31% of popular did not

Question 20

Adolescence

Answer 20

formed with peers with similar looks and behaviors
- and psychological qualities

Question 21

Friendships are based largely on:

Answer 21

• early childhood: enjoyment of same activities
• late childhood: mutual loyalty and caring
• adolescence: intimacy/self-disclosure

Question 22

Dunphy’s 5- step foundation to romantic attachments

Answer 22

• late childhood: became members of same-sex cliques
• same sex cliques mix = secure based for mixed-sex interaction
• early adolescence: most popular Boys and girls create clique
• The crowd provides opportunities for socializing with other sex
• more/more couples form and crowd disintegrates in late high school

Question 23

the crowd

Answer 23

loose network of heterosexual cliques
- provides adolescents with social identity/place in social order