friendships Flashcards
friendships are
- intimate
- reciprocated
- positive relationships
- between people
dimensions of friendship
- validating and care
- conflict resolution
-conflict and betrayal - help and guidance
- companionship and recreation
- intimate exchange
friends provide…
source of emotional support and security
- also serve as buffer against unpleasant experiences
children with reciprocated best friend…
fewer adjustment problems
positive effects of friendship
provide context for developing social skills and the knowledge needed to form other positive relationships
- promote cognitive skills and enhance performance on creative tasks
- positive social outcomes in middle childhood
- competent and adjustment in adulthood
negative effects
antisocial and aggressive friends = become more aggressive
young children groups
preschool: clear dominance hierarchy
middle childhood: more than dominance, concerned about peer group status
measuring peer group status
rate how much they like/dislike classmate or most to least
- sociometric status: the degree to which children are liked to disliked by their peers as a groups
sociometric categories
popular, rejected, neglected, controversial, average
sociometric popularity
liked by many
perceived popularity
status, power, visibility, increased aggression
why are some more popular?
- physical attractiveness, intelligence
- social competence and good emotion regulation skills
rejected children
increased aggression, hostile motives, can’t solve social problems
neglected
good social skills, shy/unassertive/nonaggressive
controversial
good social skills and aggressive
social skills training programs teach kids to
- pay attention to what is going on in a group of peers
- cooperate
- rehearse skills for participants with peers
- communicate in positive ways
first peer relations
- infants show interest in other babies
- 12 months: sharing, cooperation, empathy
- 18 months: reciprocal, complementary play with peers
- 12-18 months: prefer some kids over others
peer networks
- 10% of toddlerhood with peers
- 30% of middle childhood with peers
peer status study
- 7-8 year olds
- 39% of rejected had at least one friend
- 31% of popular did not
Adolescence
formed with peers with similar looks and behaviors
- and psychological qualities
Friendships are based largely on:
- early childhood: enjoyment of same activities
- late childhood: mutual loyalty and caring
- adolescence: intimacy/self-disclosure
Dunphy’s 5- step foundation to romantic attachments
- late childhood: became members of same-sex cliques
- same sex cliques mix = secure based for mixed-sex interaction
- early adolescence: most popular Boys and girls create clique
- The crowd provides opportunities for socializing with other sex
- more/more couples form and crowd disintegrates in late high school
the crowd
loose network of heterosexual cliques
- provides adolescents with social identity/place in social order
