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2024 SEM 2 ETHICS > moral value of human actions > Flashcards

moral value of human actions Flashcards

1
Q

what is the difference between acts of man and human acts

A

acts of man - involuntary acts. spontaneous biological and sensual processes
human acts - performed by a person who has a full knowledge through free will

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2
Q

what elements should be present in order for an act to be considered to be a human

A

acts of man
human acts

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3
Q

it directs one to be mindful of his or her action

A

knowledge

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4
Q

briefly explain the elements of human act

A
  1. knowledge of act
    the person is conscious and aware of the reasons and consequences of the act

2.freedom in doing the act
acts by own choice. not influenced by others.
the person
- agrees to the act
- accept it as his/her own
- assume accountability for the result

  1. voluntariness or free will in doing the act
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5
Q

if a women receives a gift of a pearl necklace, not knowing that it is stolen =
but guilty when _____

A

not guilty
victim of ignorance

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6
Q

define imputability

A

the moral responsibility of one’s human actions/
a person’s accountability for his or her deliberate actions

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7
Q

freedom and responsibility

A

every act directly willed is imputable to its author

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8
Q

When can you say that a person is accountable or responsible for his action?

A

accountable- answerable for the consequences of their actions and decisions.
responsible- when they perform their assigned tasks.

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9
Q

accountability is the ____ of ____ or _____

A

“deservingness”
blame
praise

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10
Q

it is the natural product of our rationality.
reason:
free will/ freedom:

A

accountability
reason: distinguishes right or wrong
free will/ freedom: enables one to choose which action to perform

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11
Q

responsibility

A
  1. causation: being the cause of smthing
  2. duty
  3. having certain duties towards other people
    prospective: directed to what will or may happen
    retrospective: directed to what happened already
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12
Q

what is the difference between moral and legal accountability

A

on deserving blame or praise
- moral standards (moral rules or principles)
- legal standards (law students)

on sanction/ penalties for wrongdoers
- legal sanction (criminal offence, external, physical punishment)
-moral (mental suffering like guilt/ remorse, shame, self hatred, low self-esteem)

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13
Q

what are the 2 conditions for moral accountability

A

attribution conditions
- incriminating conditions
- excluding condition
- agency condition
- knowledge condition
- intentionality condition
degree conditions
- mitigating conditions
- aggravating condition

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14
Q

identify the moral condition:
they determine if moral accountability can be attributed to a person for an action that he has done

A

attribution conditions

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15
Q

identify the conditions for moral accountability:
determine the degree of one’s moral accountability

A

degree conditions

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16
Q

this degree condition is when they lessen the degree of one’s moral accountability

A

mitigating conditions

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17
Q

this degree condition is when they increase the degree of one’s moral accountability

A

aggravating condition

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18
Q

a person is accountable for an action if and only he/ she…

A

is the agent of the action
knows the capacity to know that action is good or bad
intentionally performs the action

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19
Q

the person is excused from moral accountability if

A

if one of the factors does not occur
(is the agent of the action
knows the capacity to know that action is good or bad
intentionally performs the action)

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20
Q

what are the types of degree condition

A
  1. degree of knowledge
  2. degree of pressure
  3. degree of intensity
  4. degree of involvement
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21
Q

identify the degree conditions:
the difficulty in life that forces one person to perform a wrongdoing

A

degree of pressure

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22
Q

identify the degree conditions:
the seriousness of the injury caused by the wrongdoing

A

degree of intensity

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23
Q

identify the degree conditions:
the participation in a grp or collective act of wrongdoings

A

degree of involvement

24
Q

actions that are in conformity or agreement with the norms of normality

A

moral

25
Q

actions that are not in conformity to or in disagreement with the norms of morality

A

immoral

26
Q

actions that stand neutral or indifferent with the norm of morality (neither good or bad actions)

A

amoral

27
Q

what are the determinants of morality

A
  1. object (act itself)
  2. intention (purpose)
  3. circumstances
28
Q

this the primary source for the judgement on the morality of the act

A

moral object of the act

29
Q

moral object of the act is also known as

A

act-in-itself

30
Q

it refers to the goal which the agent aims to achieve

A

intention

31
Q

intention is usually called ________ because the intention for doing the act __________

A

subjective element of a moral act
lies within us

32
Q

GA + GI

A

2G

33
Q

BA + BI =

A

2B

34
Q

GA + BI =

A

B

35
Q

BA + GI =

A

B

36
Q

IA + GI =

A

G

37
Q

IA + BI =

A

B

38
Q

it is a condition outside the act that influence or affect that act by increasing or lessening its voluntariness or freedom and thus affecting the morality of the act

A

circumstances

39
Q

circumstances are ___, ___, ___, ___, ___, ___, ____

A

the person
place
time
manner
condition of the agent
the thing itself
means

40
Q

it refers to factors that influence the person to perform a moral action

A

impediments

41
Q

impediments is when the actions are done under the circumstances where ____, ____, ____, ____ and ____ are present

A

violence
ignorance
passion
fear
habit

42
Q

knowledge of a moral situation is impaired by

A

ignorance
error
inattention

43
Q

it is the lack of knowledge needed by a person in doing an act

A

ignorance

44
Q

what is the difference between invincible ignorance and vincible ignorance

A

invincible ignorance - person is not aware. unable to overcome by himself unless someone tell the truth
vincible ignorance - person has the chance to know the truth but did not avail the opportunities offered to correct his lack of knowledge

45
Q

it is about moral truths is very widespread in mass-media culture - the “fraud of the masses”

A

error

46
Q

inattention may be the result of ____, of ____, ____ or ____

A

drunkenness
violent emotion
sleepiness
absent-mindedness

47
Q

full consent to a particular moral act is impaired by ____, ____, ____ or ____

A

passion
force
fear
ingrained habit

48
Q

it is an intense emotion which urges ones feeling, enthusiasm, or desire for something

A

passion or concupiscence

49
Q

passion are either tendencies toward desirable objects which refer to positive emotions like ____, ___, ____ and ____
or tendencies away from undesirable object which point to negative emotions such as ___, ____, ____ and ____

A

hope
love
bravery
delight

anger
fear
sadness
hatred

50
Q

it is the shrinking back of the person from an impeding evil

A

fear

51
Q

fear is the ability to recognize danger by either ____ it or ____ from it (aka the ______)

A

confronting
withdrawing
fight or flight response

52
Q

it is a very pervasive form of fear, operating through the instinct for acceptance, esteem, safety and competitiveness

A

social pressure

53
Q

it is where violence is employed to constrain a person to act in a certain way

A

force

54
Q

the present of force prevents a person to ________ according to ______

A

think clearly
reason

55
Q

it is a firm routine of behaviour that is done regularly

A

habit

56
Q

habit is anything you do ____ without ____ about it

A

automatically
consciously thinking

2024 SEM 2 ETHICS (5 decks)

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