moral value of human actions

Question 1

what is the difference between acts of man and human acts

Answer 1

acts of man - involuntary acts. spontaneous biological and sensual processes
human acts - performed by a person who has a full knowledge through free will

Question 2

what elements should be present in order for an act to be considered to be a human

Answer 2

acts of man
human acts

Question 3

it directs one to be mindful of his or her action

Answer 3

knowledge

Question 4

briefly explain the elements of human act

Answer 4

1. knowledge of act
   the person is conscious and aware of the reasons and consequences of the act

2.freedom in doing the act
acts by own choice. not influenced by others.
the person
- agrees to the act
- accept it as his/her own
- assume accountability for the result

3. voluntariness or free will in doing the act

Question 5

if a women receives a gift of a pearl necklace, not knowing that it is stolen =
but guilty when _____

Answer 5

not guilty
victim of ignorance

Question 6

define imputability

Answer 6

the moral responsibility of one’s human actions/
a person’s accountability for his or her deliberate actions

Question 7

freedom and responsibility

Answer 7

every act directly willed is imputable to its author

Question 8

When can you say that a person is accountable or responsible for his action?

Answer 8

accountable- answerable for the consequences of their actions and decisions.
responsible- when they perform their assigned tasks.

Question 9

accountability is the ____ of ____ or _____

Answer 9

“deservingness”
blame
praise

Question 10

it is the natural product of our rationality.
reason:
free will/ freedom:

Answer 10

accountability
reason: distinguishes right or wrong
free will/ freedom: enables one to choose which action to perform

Question 11

responsibility

Answer 11

1. causation: being the cause of smthing
2. duty
3. having certain duties towards other people
   prospective: directed to what will or may happen
   retrospective: directed to what happened already

Question 12

what is the difference between moral and legal accountability

Answer 12

on deserving blame or praise
- moral standards (moral rules or principles)
- legal standards (law students)

on sanction/ penalties for wrongdoers
- legal sanction (criminal offence, external, physical punishment)
-moral (mental suffering like guilt/ remorse, shame, self hatred, low self-esteem)

Question 13

what are the 2 conditions for moral accountability

Answer 13

attribution conditions
- incriminating conditions
- excluding condition
- agency condition
- knowledge condition
- intentionality condition
degree conditions
- mitigating conditions
- aggravating condition

Question 14

identify the moral condition:
they determine if moral accountability can be attributed to a person for an action that he has done

Answer 14

attribution conditions

Question 15

identify the conditions for moral accountability:
determine the degree of one’s moral accountability

Answer 15

degree conditions

Question 16

this degree condition is when they lessen the degree of one’s moral accountability

Answer 16

mitigating conditions

Question 17

this degree condition is when they increase the degree of one’s moral accountability

Answer 17

aggravating condition

Question 18

a person is accountable for an action if and only he/ she…

Answer 18

is the agent of the action
knows the capacity to know that action is good or bad
intentionally performs the action

Question 19

the person is excused from moral accountability if

Answer 19

if one of the factors does not occur
(is the agent of the action
knows the capacity to know that action is good or bad
intentionally performs the action)

Question 20

what are the types of degree condition

Answer 20

1. degree of knowledge
2. degree of pressure
3. degree of intensity
4. degree of involvement

Question 21

identify the degree conditions:
the difficulty in life that forces one person to perform a wrongdoing

Answer 21

degree of pressure

Question 22

identify the degree conditions:
the seriousness of the injury caused by the wrongdoing

Answer 22

degree of intensity

Question 23

identify the degree conditions:
the participation in a grp or collective act of wrongdoings

Answer 23

degree of involvement

Question 24

actions that are in conformity or agreement with the norms of normality

Answer 24

moral

Question 25

actions that are not in conformity to or in disagreement with the norms of morality

Answer 25

immoral

Question 26

actions that stand neutral or indifferent with the norm of morality (neither good or bad actions)

Answer 26

amoral

Question 27

what are the determinants of morality

Answer 27

1. object (act itself) 2. intention (purpose) 3. circumstances

Question 28

this the primary source for the judgement on the morality of the act

Answer 28

moral object of the act

Question 29

moral object of the act is also known as

Answer 29

act-in-itself

Question 30

it refers to the goal which the agent aims to achieve

Answer 30

intention

Question 31

intention is usually called ________ because the intention for doing the act __________

Answer 31

subjective element of a moral act lies within us

Question 32

GA + GI

Answer 32

2G

Question 33

BA + BI =

Answer 33

2B

Question 34

GA + BI =

Answer 34

B

Question 35

BA + GI =

Answer 35

B

Question 36

IA + GI =

Answer 36

G

Question 37

IA + BI =

Answer 37

B

Question 38

it is a condition outside the act that influence or affect that act by increasing or lessening its voluntariness or freedom and thus affecting the morality of the act

Answer 38

circumstances

Question 39

circumstances are ___, ___, ___, ___, ___, ___, ____

Answer 39

the person place time manner condition of the agent the thing itself means

Question 40

it refers to factors that influence the person to perform a moral action

Answer 40

impediments

Question 41

impediments is when the actions are done under the circumstances where ____, ____, ____, ____ and ____ are present

Answer 41

violence ignorance passion fear habit

Question 42

knowledge of a moral situation is impaired by

Answer 42

ignorance error inattention

Question 43

it is the lack of knowledge needed by a person in doing an act

Answer 43

ignorance

Question 44

what is the difference between invincible ignorance and vincible ignorance

Answer 44

invincible ignorance - person is not aware. unable to overcome by himself unless someone tell the truth vincible ignorance - person has the chance to know the truth but did not avail the opportunities offered to correct his lack of knowledge

Question 45

it is about moral truths is very widespread in mass-media culture - the "fraud of the masses"

Answer 45

error

Question 46

inattention may be the result of ____, of ____, ____ or ____

Answer 46

drunkenness violent emotion sleepiness absent-mindedness

Question 47

full consent to a particular moral act is impaired by ____, ____, ____ or ____

Answer 47

passion force fear ingrained habit

Question 48

it is an intense emotion which urges ones feeling, enthusiasm, or desire for something

Answer 48

passion or concupiscence

Question 49

passion are either tendencies toward desirable objects which refer to positive emotions like ____, ___, ____ and ____ or tendencies away from undesirable object which point to negative emotions such as ___, ____, ____ and ____

Answer 49

hope love bravery delight anger fear sadness hatred

Question 50

it is the shrinking back of the person from an impeding evil

Answer 50

fear

Question 51

fear is the ability to recognize danger by either ____ it or ____ from it (aka the ______)

Answer 51

confronting withdrawing fight or flight response

Question 52

it is a very pervasive form of fear, operating through the instinct for acceptance, esteem, safety and competitiveness

Answer 52

social pressure

Question 53

it is where violence is employed to constrain a person to act in a certain way

Answer 53

force

Question 54

the present of force prevents a person to ________ according to ______

Answer 54

think clearly reason

Question 55

it is a firm routine of behaviour that is done regularly

Answer 55

habit

Question 56

habit is anything you do ____ without ____ about it

Answer 56

automatically consciously thinking