moral value of human actions Flashcards
what is the difference between acts of man and human acts
acts of man - involuntary acts. spontaneous biological and sensual processes
human acts - performed by a person who has a full knowledge through free will
what elements should be present in order for an act to be considered to be a human
acts of man
human acts
it directs one to be mindful of his or her action
knowledge
briefly explain the elements of human act
- knowledge of act
the person is conscious and aware of the reasons and consequences of the act
2.freedom in doing the act
acts by own choice. not influenced by others.
the person
- agrees to the act
- accept it as his/her own
- assume accountability for the result
- voluntariness or free will in doing the act
if a women receives a gift of a pearl necklace, not knowing that it is stolen =
but guilty when _____
not guilty
victim of ignorance
define imputability
the moral responsibility of one’s human actions/
a person’s accountability for his or her deliberate actions
freedom and responsibility
every act directly willed is imputable to its author
When can you say that a person is accountable or responsible for his action?
accountable- answerable for the consequences of their actions and decisions.
responsible- when they perform their assigned tasks.
accountability is the ____ of ____ or _____
“deservingness”
blame
praise
it is the natural product of our rationality.
reason:
free will/ freedom:
accountability
reason: distinguishes right or wrong
free will/ freedom: enables one to choose which action to perform
responsibility
- causation: being the cause of smthing
- duty
- having certain duties towards other people
prospective: directed to what will or may happen
retrospective: directed to what happened already
what is the difference between moral and legal accountability
on deserving blame or praise
- moral standards (moral rules or principles)
- legal standards (law students)
on sanction/ penalties for wrongdoers
- legal sanction (criminal offence, external, physical punishment)
-moral (mental suffering like guilt/ remorse, shame, self hatred, low self-esteem)
what are the 2 conditions for moral accountability
attribution conditions
- incriminating conditions
- excluding condition
- agency condition
- knowledge condition
- intentionality condition
degree conditions
- mitigating conditions
- aggravating condition
identify the moral condition:
they determine if moral accountability can be attributed to a person for an action that he has done
attribution conditions
identify the conditions for moral accountability:
determine the degree of one’s moral accountability
degree conditions
this degree condition is when they lessen the degree of one’s moral accountability
mitigating conditions
this degree condition is when they increase the degree of one’s moral accountability
aggravating condition
a person is accountable for an action if and only he/ she…
is the agent of the action
knows the capacity to know that action is good or bad
intentionally performs the action
the person is excused from moral accountability if
if one of the factors does not occur
(is the agent of the action
knows the capacity to know that action is good or bad
intentionally performs the action)
what are the types of degree condition
- degree of knowledge
- degree of pressure
- degree of intensity
- degree of involvement
identify the degree conditions:
the difficulty in life that forces one person to perform a wrongdoing
degree of pressure
identify the degree conditions:
the seriousness of the injury caused by the wrongdoing
degree of intensity
identify the degree conditions:
the participation in a grp or collective act of wrongdoings
degree of involvement
actions that are in conformity or agreement with the norms of normality
moral
actions that are not in conformity to or in disagreement with the norms of morality
immoral
actions that stand neutral or indifferent with the norm of morality (neither good or bad actions)
amoral
what are the determinants of morality
- object (act itself)
- intention (purpose)
- circumstances
this the primary source for the judgement on the morality of the act
moral object of the act
moral object of the act is also known as
act-in-itself
it refers to the goal which the agent aims to achieve
intention
intention is usually called ________ because the intention for doing the act __________
subjective element of a moral act
lies within us
GA + GI
2G
BA + BI =
2B
GA + BI =
B
BA + GI =
B
IA + GI =
G
IA + BI =
B
it is a condition outside the act that influence or affect that act by increasing or lessening its voluntariness or freedom and thus affecting the morality of the act
circumstances
circumstances are ___, ___, ___, ___, ___, ___, ____
the person
place
time
manner
condition of the agent
the thing itself
means
it refers to factors that influence the person to perform a moral action
impediments
impediments is when the actions are done under the circumstances where ____, ____, ____, ____ and ____ are present
violence
ignorance
passion
fear
habit
knowledge of a moral situation is impaired by
ignorance
error
inattention
it is the lack of knowledge needed by a person in doing an act
ignorance
what is the difference between invincible ignorance and vincible ignorance
invincible ignorance - person is not aware. unable to overcome by himself unless someone tell the truth
vincible ignorance - person has the chance to know the truth but did not avail the opportunities offered to correct his lack of knowledge
it is about moral truths is very widespread in mass-media culture - the “fraud of the masses”
error
inattention may be the result of ____, of ____, ____ or ____
drunkenness
violent emotion
sleepiness
absent-mindedness
full consent to a particular moral act is impaired by ____, ____, ____ or ____
passion
force
fear
ingrained habit
it is an intense emotion which urges ones feeling, enthusiasm, or desire for something
passion or concupiscence
passion are either tendencies toward desirable objects which refer to positive emotions like ____, ___, ____ and ____
or tendencies away from undesirable object which point to negative emotions such as ___, ____, ____ and ____
hope
love
bravery
delight
anger
fear
sadness
hatred
it is the shrinking back of the person from an impeding evil
fear
fear is the ability to recognize danger by either ____ it or ____ from it (aka the ______)
confronting
withdrawing
fight or flight response
it is a very pervasive form of fear, operating through the instinct for acceptance, esteem, safety and competitiveness
social pressure
it is where violence is employed to constrain a person to act in a certain way
force
the present of force prevents a person to ________ according to ______
think clearly
reason
it is a firm routine of behaviour that is done regularly
habit
habit is anything you do ____ without ____ about it
automatically
consciously thinking
