feelings, values and impartiality in decision making Flashcards
in what ways emotions are helpful
care abt deeply and value
influence personal meaning to our choice (positive or negative)
+ve: compassion - steer to a more ethical decision that consider others well being
-ve: rash short sighted decision “head over heart”
is emotion or feeling bad
they are not inherently bad when it comes to decision making
they serve as a impt purpose and helpful guides
= balanced w reason and rational analysis
“…when people make moral decisions, feelings come into play, organizing them into inclinations, affections, passions, and desires.”
according to Emmanuel Kant
- feelings manifest in diff ways that can influence moral choice
In man’s struggle for virtue, “the ____, the brood of dispositions opposing the law, are the monsters he has to fight”
vices (negative disposition that go against moral laws)
have to battle within ourselves
explain:
Not all inclinations are hostile to reason’s moral ends; thus, not all inclinations must be fought or suppressed.
not all feelings/ desires are bad for doing the right thing
explain:
Only those dispositions which are opposed to our adoption of moral ends must be fought.
we only need to resist feelings that make us want to do the things that are not right
“Emotions and inclinations must be checked by ____ because otherwise they become our ____ and produce a heteronomous state of will.”
reason
dominant motives
in simple terms:
we need to think and understand to control our feelings and desires. if we do this, emotions and wants can take over and might not do the right thing (use our brain to make choices and not let feelings control us)
we have a duty to cultivate emotions which help shape a moral disposition
according to Kant
in simple terms:
we need to work on developing certain emotions to help us bcm btr at doing what is right
why does reasons enlists certain emotions
to help us cultivate a morally good dispositions
in simple terms:
emotions can be like friends that supports us in being kind and doing the right things
briefly explain the types of cultivating morally beneficial feelings
dignity feelings:
recognition of our unconditional worth
to help us carry out our duties towards ourselves
(pride, courage, love of honor)
helping feelings:
carry duties toward others
doing goods to others
(sympathy, love, respect)
duty feelings:
good will
duty to correct what is not ought to be done
ought to be done because it is good
(moral feeling, conscience)
feelings are also seen as necessary in _____
ethical judgement
what are philosophers challenged with
identifying the most important feelings rated to mortality bcs feelings r seen as necessary w ethical judgement
while reasons and rational thinking are important, what determines what is right or wrong
feelings and guts
it is the study of values
axiology
what determines behavior that influence decision-making
values
common sources of values
personal experience
relationship with others
major influences in values formation
family peers
edu
media
values are beliefs that influence people’s ____ and ____
give examples
behavior
decision making
examples:
if one of your core value is honest, u r most likely to tell the truth in difficult situation
true or false:
values are things considered important in life
true
values can refer to ____, ____, ____ and ____
objects
people
places
behaviors
true or false:
filipinos strive to obtain fulfillment in individuals only
false - not only indiv but also collectively, particularly for their families
who arranged Filipino values in a hierarchy from basic level to high level of values
Thomas Quintin Donato Andres (1980)
briefly explain the Filipino values in a hierarchy
closeness in the family:
basic and most important unit
remain throughout adulthood
debt of gratitude:
utang-na-loob
value of reciprocity among Filipinos
creates a cycle of giving and appreciation
social acceptance:
sense of belongingness which enables to function in society
social mobility:
work hard for the comfort of their families
providing for their family
self-esteem:
highest level value
amor proprio
strong desire to be respected
what are the 7 steps guide to ethical decision making
state the problem:
ask id decisions make u uncomfy or have conflict of interest
check the facts: examine
identify relevant factors
develop a list of options
test options:
- harm test
- defensibility test
- reversibility test
- organization test
make a choice
review steps
define impartiality
- being fair and objective (not favoring anyone side, indiv or grp)
- when someone is impartial =
free from bias/ prejudice (their judgements and decision r not improperly influenced by personal feelings, perspectives and circumstances)
each person gets what they truly deserves (no more, no less)
treat everyone equally
define amor propio
withstand a loss of face
perceived themselves to be at fault
refuse offer even if he/she rlly wants to accept it
will go greater lengths to maintain their pride
the tendency to protect his or her dignity and honor
amor propio
what has been deemed as a central core of essential cultural traits that form and define an almost stereotypic Filipino character and moral behaviour
smooth interpersonal relationship and
Filipino ‘pakikipagkapwa-tao’
define pakikisama
god public relatoons and getting along with others
even means putting aside one’s feelings
=
avoid open conflicts/ confrontations
gg along w grp’s opinion
concealing -ve emotions
prioritize pleasantries
define hiya
feeling shame, embarrassment, loss of dignity
concern abt how one is percieved by others
afraid to do bad things that cld damage their reputation
what happens if there is excessive hiya
lack of self confidence
what happpens if there is excessive deference to elders
can make one overly dependent or blindly obedient
This include the use of ‘po’ and ‘opo’ when talking to elders and ‘pagmamano’ or putting of the elder’s hand to one’s forehead.
respect to elders
