culture and ethics

Question 1

true or false:
culture are diverse

explain why

Answer 1

true

as the origins, beliefs and ways of life of humans are also diverse

Question 2

culture refers to the cumulative deposit of ___ acquired by a grp of ppl in the course of generations through individual and grp striving

Answer 2

knowledge
experiences
beliefs
values
attitudes
meanings
hierarchies
religion
notions of time
roles
spatial relationship
concepts of universe
material objects

Question 3

true or false:
within a culture, there are also existing subcultures that do not have their own belief and valued system

Answer 3

false -have

Question 4

two cultural views
ethnocentrism:
xenocentrism:

Answer 4

ethnocentrism:
perceive and judge according to one’s cultural standard
assume one’s culture is the best
(ex: eat with hand may seem uncivilized)

xenocentrism:
value other cultures more highly than one’s own
fascination with others
blindly preffering outside culture

avoid these 2 extremes. instead, develop mutual understanding and appreciation for cultural diversity

Question 5

ethnocentrism and xenocentrism limiting perspective

Answer 5

all cultures can learn from each other
understand culture difference (not as superior or inferior)

=coexist peacefully while respecting universal human norms

Question 6

entire community or social group, rather than an individual, imposes its own worldview on others and compels its adherents to follow such orientation without question as a means to advance the group’s interests.

Answer 6

sociocentrism

in simple terms,
it refers to a psychological phenomenon where individuals prioritize group dynamics and social networks over individual interests and needs. It involves valuing the importance of groups over individuals, leading to behaviors like conforming to group norms, prioritizing in-group interests, and comparing oneself to others within a social context.

Question 7

cultural relativism

Answer 7

adheres to the idea that ethical norms differ from one society or culture to another

view tht ethical norm and moral standards vary btwn cultures and societies

moral rightness emerges from and must be understood within context of each culture’s belief, tradition, enviro

no universal moral truths, what is considered right or wrong depends on cultural context

Question 8

why are moral norms are not permanent

Answer 8

as they change according to time, place and circumstances

Question 9

true or false:
Cultural relativism implies that there are no universal norms of morality, that morality is different from one culture to another.

Answer 9

true

Question 10

what happens if the plurality of cultures is respected

Answer 10

no culture will be perceived as superior over the other

Question 11

people should try to understand and respect the beliefs, traditions, and practices of the cultures of others.

Answer 11

tolerance

Question 12

briefly explain tolerance

Answer 12

encourage tolerance
avoid intolerant attitude towards cultural diff
however, respect and tolerance shld not blindly accept or justify any cultural practices. we have to draw the line!
do not tolerate cultural acts that do harm like violence

Question 13

true or false:
culture is a shared way of life of ppl living tgt in the same enviro

Answer 13

true

Question 14

true or false:
It is important to realize that a culture that one does not belong to, must be understood from the her perspective

Answer 14

false - understood from the cultural perspective it comes from

Question 15

goal of tolerance:

Answer 15

balance approach
- being respectful and tolerant of cultural diversity
- upholing universal human rights annd ethical reasoning
= identify and reject cultural practices that cause harm

Question 16

briefly describe the advantage and problems of cultural relativism

Answer 16

advantage:
1. avoid moral dictatorship - respecting diversity of cultures
2. respect beliefs and ability of cultures - make their own moral judgements
3. promotes unity and understanding btwn cultures – by countering intolerance

problem:
1. tolerate and accept social injustice and inhumane practices
2. rejects universal moral standard - making moral progress difficult
3. assume of knowledge of other culture is impossible
4. vulnerability to racial discrimination

Question 17

true or false:
culture is relative

Answer 17

true