ethics critical thinking moral dilemma Flashcards
greek words
ethos =
“customs”
“usage”
“characters”
define ethics
a philosophical study of moral judgements
ethics is also known as
moral philosophy
it deals with norms or standards of right and wrong/ good and evil applicable to human behavior
ethics
ethics is an _____ into some standards to guide one’s _____ or as a _____ to understand a given condition
inquiry
action
tool
it all began with a question
ethics and philosophical inquiry
it is _____ among human beings to ______ or ______ questions. why?
inherent
inquire
ask
humans by nature are _____
inquisitive (eager to ask qn and learn more)
“wonder is the feeling of a philosopher and philosophy begins in wonder”
socrates
pre socratic period - concerned themselves with the ____ and ___ of the world
nature
origin
thales-
anaximenes-
pythagoras -
heraclitus -
parmenides -
thales- everyth comes from water
anaximenes- everyth comes from air
phythagoras - everything comes from numbers
heraclitus - everyth is a constant flux (constant changes)
parmenides - change is an illusion, everyth is permanent
identify the early greek natural scientist/ philosopher:
everyth comes form water
thales
identify the early greek natural scientist/ philosopher:
everyth comes from air
anaximenes
identify the early greek natural scientist/ philosopher:
everyth comes from number
pythagoras
identify the early greek natural scientist/ philosopher:
everything is a constant flux (constant changes)
heraclitus
identify the early greek natural scientist/ philosopher:
change is an illusion, everyth is permanent
parmenides
“this unquenchable desire to know is philosophy”
pythagoras, on philosophy
phila-
sophia -
philosophy -
phila- love
sophia - wisdom
philosophy - love of wisdom
“An unexamined life is not worth living.”
socrates
“Know thyself!”
socrates
“ultimate happiness can be found in political life”
plato
what are the major area of ethics
Metaethics
Ethics of religion
Normative ethics
it examines the validity of standards that make such judgment of right or wrong possible
meta-ethics
it is the study of ethical actions and qns the standards of what is considered morally good or bad
normative ethics
normative ethics is concerned with question such as why should one be ___ and how can one tell what is _______
moral
right or wrong
-
-
-
normative ethics:
-
-
-
metaethics:
- naturalism
- intuitionism
- cognitivism
- subjectivism
normative ethics:
- consequentialism
- deontological ethics
- virtue ethics
it is a method geared towards arriving at a clear meaning of common human issues in everyday life
philosophical inquiry
this are instances when individuals are confronted with conflicting answers to the question “what is right?”
moral dilemma
from the word, “critically thinking”
critical: ____
“kriticos” =
“kriterion” =
critical: etymologically from 2 greek roots:
“kriticos” = discerning judgement
“kriterion” = standards
Etymologically implies:
the development of =
“discerning judgment based on standards.”
there is a consequential and complimentary relation between ____ and ____
acting
thinking
human actions are derived from ____ which are ____
decisions
outcomes of thoughts
it is the ongoing skill of studying and upgrading the ways we think and reason about things. It helps us think in clearer, more systematic, and more insightful ways.
critical thinking
what are the 2 modes of thinking
ordinary thinking (ppl aware of a particular object of thought)
critical thinking (reflect, assess, interpretation)
to see a specific issue according to
its many dimensions, instead of focusing only on a single aspect
bird’s eye view (ex: 6 blind man and an elephant)
“Self awareness is key to living a more meaningful life.”
plato
why people fail to think critically
lack of awareness, skills, humility, effort, and emotional regulation that critical thinking requires
what are the elements of thought
POV
purpose
question at issue
info
interpretation
inference
concepts
assumptions
implications and consequences
