Moral Development Flashcards
What does rosseau say about children
They are nobel savages
original sin
What is the behaviourist viewpoint?
Moral behaviours are learned based on the responses they elicit
-Good behaviours are rewarded: bad behaviours are punished
What is the biological viewpoint?
-innate factors and evolutionary proicesses in shaping our sense or morality
-other speices also enagge in helping behaviours
What is heteronomous morality (5-8 years)
View rules as being handed down by a higher being and authority figures (Like God, maybe president or prime minister)
Under no circumstance can you break these rules
“I can lie to my friends but not to the prime minister”
Limited by realism
What is morality of cooperation (9-10 years)?
Rules viewed as flexible, socially agreed upon principles
They can potentially be changed in a way
Emergence of reciprocity
Treat other as you would like to be treated
Becomes more abstract the older you get
Ability to understand intention
Someone who does something by accident does not have to be held to the same level of punishment
Ex. Breaking 10 glasses by accident isn’t as bad as breaking 1 glass on purpose
What are Kohlbergs stages of moral development?
Preconventional
Substages:
Punishment and obediance
Instrumental purpose
Conventional level
Substages:
Good boy/good girl
Social order maintnence
Post conventional level
Substages:
Social contract
Universal ethical principle
What is the preconventional level
Morality is externally controlled
authority figures are always right
Punishment and obedience: behave morally to avoid punishment
Instrumental purpose: behave morally to get reward
What is the conventional level?
emphasizes conformity to social rules
Good boy/ Good girl: behave morally to get the approval of other
Social order maintenance: People behave morally because it is their civic duty
What is post conventional level?
Morality defined by abstract principles
Social contract: Laws and rules are for furthering humanityLaws should be followed if they are consistent with human rights but can be broken of necessary
Universal ethical principles: Morality based on abstract principles of justice and equality
What are some limitations of kohlberghs theory?
- Few individuals consistently go beyond stage 4 reasoning
Stage 5 and 6 reasoning are very rare - Stages aren’t clear cut as originally proposed
The reasons people give for their decisions fall into multiple categories - Theory was based on an all-male sample
- Children tend to show higher order reasoning when presented with more familiar situations
Children tend to show high stages when given child friendly scenarios
What is Turiels social domain theory?
Proposes that children develop their understanding of morality and social rules by categorizing them into three distinct domains
Social conventions
Matters of personal choice
moral imperatives
By three to 4 children can distinguish between these domains
What is the domain of social convention?
Customs that are determined by group consensus (Table manners, rituals of social intentions)
What is the understanding of matters of social choice?
actions that dont violate rights and are up to the individual
What is the understanding of moral imperatives?
Rules and expectations that protect other peoples rights and welfare
What is proactive aggression?
Attackong anpther person in order to fill a need or desire (A classmate is playing with a toy you really want so you push them
