Mood Disorders Flashcards
What does anhedonia mean?
Loss of enjoyment/pleasure
What does anergia mean?
Lack of energy
What does early morning wakening mean?
Waking at least 2 hours before normal/expected time
What is psychomotor retardation?
Slowing of thoughts and/or movement
What might be seen in the appearance and behaviour of someone with depression?
Reduced facial expression Brow furrowed Reduced eye contact Limited gesturing - slow/absent movements Rapport difficult to establish
What might be seen in the speech of a patient with depression?
Slow, reduced pitch, quiet, monotonous
Increased speech latencies (longer time between end of question + them starting to speak)
Limited content
How might affect be described in depression?
Reduced range
Limited reactivity
May report emotional paralysis
How might thought be affected by depression?
Form usually normal Control normal Content: - negative, guilt, self-accusatory - delusions of guilt, nihilism, poverty, hypochondriasis - suicidal thoughts
How might perception be affected in depression?
Usually not disturbed
May be auditory hallucinations:
- 2nd person, derogatory, depressive themes
How might cognition be affected by depression?
Slow, poor memory
Pseudo-dementia
Often worsened by anxiety
How might insight be affected by depression?
Typically preserved
May attribute symptoms to sins, personal failings etc
How is depression diagnosed?
General criteria + at least 2 core features
What are the general criteria for depression?
A. Depressive episode for at least 2 weeks
B. No hypomanic/manic symptoms at any time in individual’s life
What are the core features of depression?
- depressed mood: abnormal, most of day, almost every day, for at least 2 weeks
- loss of interest or pleasure
- reduced energy or increased fatiguability
What are the additional features seen in depression?
- loss of confidence
- guilt
- suicidal ideas or behaviours
- poor concentration
- agitation/retardation
- sleep disturbance
- changes in appetite
