ASD + ADHD Flashcards
What is Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?
Umbrella term for 5 different disorders:
- Asperger’s syndrome
- Rett’s syndrome
- Childhood autism
- Pervasive Developmental Disorder
- Pervasive Developmental Disorder NOS
–> all difficulties in social interaction + social communication, varying severity
What are the core features of ASD?
Impairments of:
- imagination
- social communication
- social interaction
Also strong tendency towards repetitive behaviours
What are the essential criteria for diagnosing ASD?
Symptoms present in early developmental period
Symptoms cause significant impairment
Disturbances not better explained by other mental health problems, LD or global developmental delay
What is the management of ASD?
Self and family psychoeducation
Family and school based supports
No medication that treats core symptoms of ASD
Which drug is licensed for severe aggression and self-injury in ASD?
Rispiridone
What are the features for diagnosis of ADHD?
Triad of difficulties:
- Inattention
- Hyperactivity
- Impulsivity
Which are:
- developmentally inappropriate
- impairing functioning
- pervasive across settings
- longstanding from age 5
What are the risk factors for ADHD?
Family history Tobacco + alcohol use during pregnancy Significant prematurity Perinatal hypoxia Foetal distress Eclampsia Unstable upbringing
What are the principles of management of ADHD?
Psychosocial interventions for all with diagnosis
Medication only for moderate/severe
What are the psychosocial interventions used for management on ADHD?
Parent training Social skills training Sleep and diet Behavioural classroom management strategies Specific educational interventions
What is the first line pharmacological management of ADHD?
Stimulants:
- Methylphenidate
- Dexamfetamine
- Lisdexamfetamine
Which neurotransmitters are involved in ADHD?
Dopamine
Serotonin
How does methylphenidate work for ADHD?
Increases dopamine by blocking its transporter
