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Mental Health > Mood disorders > Flashcards

Mood disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Define affect?

A

Expression of a subjectively experienced emotion

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2
Q

Define mood?

A

Pervasive and sustained emotion

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3
Q

Symptoms of depression?

A 
Low mood
Anhedonia
Reduced concentration
Reduced self-esteem
Worthlessness
Hopelessness
Sleep disturbance
Appetite changes
Thoughts of suicide
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4
Q

Affects of depression on sleep

A

Initial insomnia
Broken sleep
Early morning wakening - 2 hours before normal

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5
Q

What is diurnal variation?

A

Mood at worst in morning, gradually improves during day

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6
Q

What is somatic syndrome?

A 
Presence of at least 4 somatic symptoms of depression
Reduced appetite
Reduced weight (5%)
Constipation
Early morning wakening
Diurnal variation in mood
Reduced libido
Amenorrhoea
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7
Q

Appearance in depression? (MSE)

A 
Downturned eyes
Sagging of the corner of the mouth
Vertical furrow between eyebrows
Poor eye contact 
Evidence of weight loss
General neglect + poor self care
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8
Q

Behaviour in depression? (MSE)

A

Psychomotor retardation - slowing down of thought and a reduction of physical movements

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9
Q

Speech in depression? (MSE)

A

Slow, with long delays before answering

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10
Q

Mood in depression? (MSE)

A 
Low and sad
Hopelessness
Bleak future
Reduced energy and drive
Inability to feel enjoyment
Loss of interest
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11
Q

Thoughts in depression? (MSE)

A 
Pessimistic
Guilt
Delusions of poverty or illness
Suicidal thoughts
Homocidal thoughts
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12
Q

Perceptions in depression? (MSE)

A

Mood congruent auditory hallucinations in severe depression
Derogatory
2nd person

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13
Q

Cognition in depression? (MSE)

A

Poor concentration may result in (mistakenly) that memory is impaired

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14
Q

What is pseudodementia?

A

Depression presentation in elderly similar to that of diabetes

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15
Q

What is depressive stupor?

A

Unresponsive
Akinetic
Mute
Fully conscious

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16
Q

What is seasonal affective disorder?

A

Onset of depressive symptoms during winter months

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17
Q

Symptoms during SAD episode?

A

Carbohydrate craving
Hypersomnia
Weight gain
Low mood

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18
Q

Investigations carried out for depression?

A 
Metabolic panel
FBC - anaemia?
THT - hypothyroidism?
Folic acid
Vitamin B12
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19
Q

Depression differentials?

A

Organic disorders
Psychoactive substance abuse
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia

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20
Q

Core symptoms of depression ICD-10

A

Depressed mood
Loss of interest+enjoyment
Increased fatiguability

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21
Q

Mild depressive episode?

A

Core symptoms
+ 2 additional symptoms
Distressed by symptoms but can somewhat function

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22
Q

Moderate depressive episode?

A

Core symptoms
+ 4 additional symptoms
Present to a marked degree
Considerable difficulty in work, social and domestic activities

23
Q

Severe depressive episode?

A

Core symptoms
Considerable stress and agitation
Somatic syndrome

24
Q

What is psychotic depression?

A

Hallucinations
Delusion
Congruent with mood

25
Q

Indication for ECT?

A

Treatment resistant depression
Catatonia
Prolonged mania

26
Q

Complications of ECT?

A 
Anterograde amnesia
Headache
Nausea
Status epilicticus
Cardiac instability
27
Q

Bipolar disorder?

A

Repeated episodes of mood disturbance
At least one episode of mania
Complete recovery between episodes

28
Q

What is recurrent depressive disorder?

A

Repeated episodes of depression with complete recovery between

29
Q

What is persistent depressive disorder?

A

Constant depressive mood with no recovery

30
Q

Mania symptoms?

A 
Elevation of mood
Increased energy
Overactivity
Pressure of speech
Loss of social and sexual inhibitions
Poor attention and concentration
Over spending
Sexually promiscuous
Inappropriately aggressive
Personal neglect
31
Q

Appearance in a manic episode? (MSE)

A

Flamboyantly dressed

Self neglect

32
Q

Behaviour in a manic episode? (MSE)

A

Overactivity
Fidgety
Poor attention

33
Q

Speech in a manic episode? (MSE)

A

Pressure of speech - increased rate and amount

Difficult to interrupt

34
Q

Mood in a manic episode? (MSE)

A

Euphoric
Irritable
Angry

35
Q

Thoughts in a manic episode? (MSE)

A

Inflated view of importance
Grandiose ideas
Flight of ideas

36
Q

Perception in a manic episode? (MSE)

A

Appreciation of colours as vivid
Pre-occupation with fine details
Hyperacusis
Auditory and visual hallucinations - confirming grandiose delusion

37
Q

What is hyperacusis?

A

Increased sensitivity to sound

38
Q

Cognition in a manic episode?

A

Attention and concentration poor

39
Q

Insight in a manic episode?

A

Absent

40
Q

Types of mania?

A

Hypomania
Mania without psychosis
Mania with psychosis

41
Q

What is hypomania?

A 
Persistent mild elevation in mood
Increased energy
Marked feelings of wellbeing
Physical and mental efficiency
Increased sociability
Talkativeness
Over friendliness
Increased sexual energy
Decreased sleep
Do not cause severe disruption at work or social rejection
42
Q

What is mania without psychosis?

A

Clinical features of mania without hallucinations or delusions

43
Q

What is mania with psychosis?

A

Clinical features of mania with grandiose delusions, hallucination

44
Q

What is cyclothymia?

A

Persistent instability of mood, involving numerous periods of mild elation and mild depression

45
Q

What is dysthymia

A

Chronic depression of mood which does not fulfil the criteria for recurrent depressive disorder

46
Q

Normal stages of grief?

A 
Shock + denial
Anger
Depression + detachment
Dialogue and bargaining
Acceptance
47
Q

What is pathological grief?

A

Disruption of mourning process

Prolonged grief disorder or persistent complex bereavement disorder

48
Q

What is prolonged grief disorder?

A

Longing for deceased
Intense emotional pain
Preoccupation with deceased
Inability to experience positive mood

49
Q

What is persistent complex bereavement disorder?

A

Preoccupation with circumstances of death
Desire to be with deceased
Difficulty in reminiscing positively

50
Q

What is recurrent brief depressive disorder

A

Short episodes of depression but most of the time well

51
Q

Short term side effects of ECT?

A

Headache
Nausea
Short term memory impairment
Cardiac arrhythmia

52
Q

Long term side effects of ECT?

A

Impaired memory

53
Q

Indications for ECT?

A

Treatment resistant depression
Catatonia
Severe life threatening depression

54
Q

Contraindication for ECT?

A

Raised intracranial pressure

Mental Health (10 decks)

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