Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology 4 > Mood Disorders > Flashcards

Mood Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Major depressive disorder

A
  • severely depressed mood
  • last 2 or more weeks
  • feeling of worthlessness and lack of pleasure, lethargy and sleep and appetite disturbances
  • significant loss or gain of weight
  • agitation or retardation
  • insomnia, hypersomnia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Dysthymia (unipolar)

A
  • same cognitive an bodily problems as depression
  • less severe
  • Last longer (2 yrs or more)
  • can function
  • poor appetite; insomnia; low self esteem; feelings of hopelessness; poor concentration; can’t make decisions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Double depression

A
  • major depression
  • dysthymia
  • major periods of major depression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Seasonal affective disorder

A
  • seasonal pattern of depression
  • due to reduced levels of light during some seasons
  • higher latitudes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Biological factors of depression

A
  • heritability depends on severity
  • inc levels of NE and serotonin-linked with depression
  • less activity in left prefrontal Cortex (process emotions)
  • stroke patients have high incidence of depression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Psychological factors

A
  • helplessness theory

- negative thoughts must precede this disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Helplessness theory

A

Individuals prone to depression automatically attribute neg experiences to causes that are internal, stable and global

  • depressive biases in thinking and memory
  • Aaron beck
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Suicide risk and prevention

A
  • 11th leading cause of death in us 3rd in hs and college
  • variety of motives: biological or contagious (werther effect)
  • white males: higher risk earlier in life
  • black males: higher risk later in life
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Bipolar disorder

A

Unstable emotional condition cycles of high mood (mania) and low mood (depression)
-also includes cyclothymia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Manic episodes

A
  • persistent elevated, expansive or irritable mood
  • secrecy need for sleep
  • more talkative
  • racing thoughts
  • attention to irrelevant stimuli
  • high potential for painful consequences
  • marked impairment always and sometimes psychotic features
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hypo manic episode

A
  • restless, consumed with confidence
  • not as prone to gloom following mania
  • can cause bursts of creative work
  • problem: can lose balance between right amount of energy and too much
  • no psychotic features
  • no marked impairment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Types of bipolar disorder

A
  • bipolar I: history of manic and depressive episodes

- bipolar II: hypo manic episodes and major depressive episodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cyclothymia

A

-2 yr duration of numerous alternating periods of hypomanic symptoms and depressive symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Bipolar disorder without psychotic features

A

Mental state can be
-manic episode
-mixed episode
-major depressive episode
The diagnosis is bipolar as long as there’s a history of mania
-ie: if person is depressed and has history of mania, diagnosis will be bipolar disorder, depressed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Mixed episode

A
  • alternating between mood states within an episode

- special case of rapid cycling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Psychotic features

A

specifier: add to end of diagnosis
presence of psychotic features in mood disorders seen in:
- mood congruent delusions
-hallucinations
-add to bipolar or major depression: so severe it leads to psychotic disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Mood congruent delusions

A
  • depressive delusions of worthlessness/repulsion of self
  • manic delusions of grandeur
  • unlimited power and influence
  • delusions match mood: ie depressed, should feel worthless
  • ie depressed and have hallucinations that CIA is on roof, that’s consistent with schizophrenia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Hallucinations

A

Typically auditory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Video-latiffa

A
  • bipolar I
  • delusional; scattered, distracted; grandiose; doesn’t sleep
  • treatment: medication
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Video-psychomotor retardation

A
  • major depressive episode; bipolar I disorder; not psychotic
  • understands that she went too far with mania bc now she is depressed
  • being dead isn’t much different
  • no emotional response
21
Q

Unipolar vs bipolar

A
  • unipolar: more time in normal state; less oscillation

- bipolar: less time in normal state, oscillating between manic and depressed

22
Q

Biological component of depression

A
  • twins: 4 times higher rate in monozygotic twins
  • medicine targets NE and serotonin to modulate mood
  • heritability is 33-45%
  • mz accordance: 40%
  • dz accordance: 11%
23
Q

Part of brain affected in depression

A

-dec activity in left prefrontal cortex and increased activity in right prefrontal cortex

24
Q

Biological factors in bipolar disorder

A
  • heritability is 40-70%
  • NE and serotonin can contribute to roller coaster of emotions
  • take lithium to dec symptoms, but don’t know why
  • mz accordance: 72%
  • dz accordance: 13%
25
Q

Cause of mood disorders

A
  • diathesis stress model

- not doomed by genes, but they are important

26
Q

Situational components of mood disorders

A
  • social support-lack of can lead to mood disorder

- downward spiral- caused by negative reactions from others–>isolation

27
Q

Cognitive components

A
  • Beck’s cognitive triad: negative an irrational views of self, present ad future
  • errors in logic: magnify depressive negativity
28
Q

Treating mood disorders

A
  • psychodynamic approach
  • humanistic approach
  • cognitive behavioral approach
  • eclecticism
29
Q

Psychodynamic approach

A
  • anger turned inwards
  • push role of superego
  • insight, expand ego control
  • how? Free association, analysis of transference, dream analysis
30
Q

Behavior learning theory

A
  • positive environment

- change behavioral responses to increase reinforcement of non-depressed behavior

31
Q

Cognitive and social learning

A
  • emotions and moods are cognitive processes
  • depression and moods result from irrational thinking
  • use optimism (ABCs)
32
Q

Seligman’s ABC model (borrowed from Ellis)

A

Adversity (what we do when we encounter it)
Beliefs (thoughts become beliefs)
Consequences (results, behaviors based on beliefs)
-learn to argue with yourself
-changing pessimism to optimism
-we make ourselves more miserable with our thinking

37
Q

Beck’s cognitive triad-3 distortions in rational processing

A
  • negative view of self
  • negative view of the world
  • negative view of the future
38
Q

Dissociative disorder

A
  • normal cognitive processes are fragmented and disjointed

- significant disruptions in memory, awareness and personality

38
Q

Cognitive processes in depression

A
  • expectations of uncontrollability-pessimism

- bandura-self-efficacy: low motivation, low expectations, low effort

39
Q

Dissociative identity disorder

A

-presence of two or more identities that take control at different times

39
Q

Goal of treatment in cognitive processes in depression

A
  • explore rationality to alter expectations

- alter behavior to change reinforcement

40
Q

Dissociative amnesia

A
  • sudden loss of memory for significant personal information
  • usually for a traumatic event
40
Q

Summary of cognitive approaches

A
  • use ABCDE
  • appraisal
  • belief
  • consequence
  • dispute
  • evaluate
41
Q

Dissociative fugue

A
  • sudden loss of memory for ones personal history
  • abrupt departure from home
  • assume new identity
41
Q

Cycle of sustaining depression

A

Stressful experience–>negative explanatory style–>depressed mood–>cognitive and behavioral change
Repeat

42
Q

Biological therapies-drugs

A
  • anti anxiety drugs: GABA
  • depression drive: serotonin and NE
  • antipsychotic drugs: dopamine
43
Q

Antidepressant drugs-3 types

A

1) MAO
2) trycyclins
3) SSRIs

44
Q

MAO inhibitors

A

-slow down enzyme breakdown process of NE and serotonin

45
Q

Trycyclics

A
  • inhibit reuptake of NE
  • more side effects
  • easier to OD
  • work on 60% of medications
46
Q

Electro convulsive therapy

A
  • can lose memory
  • rarely used now
  • why does it work, we don’t know
  • jump start someone out of depression
47
Q

Lithium carbonate

A
  • treatment for bipolar disorder
  • antimanic properties
  • side effects
48
Q

Adjunctive psychotherapy-bipolar disorser

A
  • medication management
  • family and social relations
  • education
  • reality testing

Psychology 4 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions