MONOSACCHARIDES

Question 1

WHAT ARE MONOSACCHARIDES?

Answer 1

• SWEET TASTING
• ORGANIC
• SOLUBLE MOLECULES
• HAVE THE GENERAL FORMULA OF (CH20)n

Question 2

WHAT DO THE NUMBER OF CARBON ATOMS DETERMINE TO A MONOSACCHARIDE?

Answer 2

THE NAME THAT IS GIVEN TO EACH GROUP

Question 3

WHY IS A GLUCOSE MONOSACCHARIDE USEFUL?

Answer 3

THEY CAN BE JOINED TOGETHER TO MAKE LARGE MOLECULES E.G. DISACCHARIDES + POLYSACCHARIDES

Question 4

WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE AND FUNCTION OF TRIOSE?

Answer 4

• EXAMPLE = GLYCERALDEHYDE
• FUNCTION = IMPORTANT IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION

Question 5

WHAT ARE THE TWO EXAMPLES AND FUNCTIONS OF PENTOSE?

Answer 5

• EXAMPLE:
  1. RIBOSE
  2. DEOXYRIBOSE
• FUNCTION:
  1. PART OF THE NUCLEOTIDE MOLECULES THAT MAKE UP RNA AND ATP
  2. PART OF THE NUCLEOTIDES THAT MAKE UP DNA

Question 6

WHAT ARE TWO EXAMPLES AND FUNCTIONS OF HEXOSE?

Answer 6

• EXAMPLES:
  (a AND B GLUCOSE) - GLUCOSE = MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY, MAKES ATP
  1. FRUCTOSE
  2. GALACTOSE
• FUNCTIONS:
  1. MADE BY FRUITS
  2. PART OF MILK

Question 7

WHAT ARE THE 5 RULES WHEN DRAWING AN ALPHA OR BETA GLUCOSE?

Answer 7

• C MOLECULES ARE NUMBERED FROM THE RIGHT
• A GLUCOSE - HYDROXYL GROUP (OH) ON C1 IS DOWN
• B GLUCOSE - HYDROXYL GROUP (OH) ON C1 IS UP
• BOTH ARE GLUCOSE + HAVE THE SAME MOLECULAR FORMULA (C6H12O6)
• STRUCTURALLY DIFFERENT = REFERRED TO AS ISOMERS