Monophils, Eosinophils, Basophils, Mast Cells in Peripheral Blood

Question 1

Monocytes

Answer 1

• Most misidentified cells on the blood film
• Migrate into tissue
  
  • become macrophages, dendritic cells
• Phagocytose in tissue
  
  • rarely see phagocytosis in peripheral blood smear
• In cytology, often referred to as mononuclear cells

Question 2

Kinetics of monocytes / macrophages

Answer 2

• No marrow storage pool
• Circulating and marginal pools
• Blood transit time:
  
  • ~18-24 hours
• Stem cell shared with neutrophils
• Macrophage
  
  • have more granules and proteolytic enzymes then monocytes
  • phagocytic activity
  • Long-lived and can divide at least once in tissues

Question 3

Monocytosis

Answer 3

Similar response as neutrophils, share a stem cell

Acute and Chronic inflammation

cytokine stimulation

Steroid (stress) response

More common in cats

Question 4

Monocytopenia

Answer 4

not usually significant if is present

Question 5

Eosinophils

Answer 5

Contian proteins that bind and damage parasite membranes

Also important in allergic inflammation and immune-complex reactions

Some phagocytic ability, but ineffective and not protective against bacterail infections

Question 6

Kinetics of Eosinophils

Answer 6

• Blood transit time:
  
  • 30 mins to 12 hrs
• Long-lived in subepithelial locations
  
  • lungs, skin, GI, uterus
• Therefore:
  
  • can get massive tissue accumulations in tissues without an eosinphilia
• In health:
  
  • 200-400 eosinophils in tissue for each 1 in blood

Question 7

Eosinophilia

Answer 7

• Hypersensitivity
• Parasitic disease
• Mast cell degranulation
• Addison’s disease
• Hypereosinophilic syndrome
• Paraneoplastic eosinophilia
• other

Question 8

Eosinopenia

Answer 8

• Difficult to recognize and by itself if of little diagnostic significance
  
  • corticosteroids
    
    • stress leukogram
    • Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing’s disease)

Question 9

Basophils

Answer 9

• Blood concentration are low
  
  • very low in dogs and cats
  • Higher in ruminants and equids
• Contain histamine and heparin
• Role in Type-1 hypersensitivity
• Role in Delayed-hypersensitivity
• Proinflammatory cells

Question 10

Basophilia

Answer 10

Rare

Hypersensitivity

Parasitic disease

Neoplasia

Question 11

Basopenia

Answer 11

Cannot be documented with routine leukograms

Question 12

Mast cells

Answer 12

ROUND nucleys of the mast cell

Question 13

Mast cell:

Functions

Answer 13

• Promote hypersensitivity reactions
• Stimulate T cells
• Host defense agianst parasites
• Promote acute and chronic inflammatory responses

Question 14

Mast cell:

Occasionally seen in peripheral blood

Answer 14

Inflammatory

Mast cell neoplasia

Question 15

Mast cell:

Often in tissue

Answer 15

Inflammatory

Mast cell neoplasia