Leukocytes

Question 1

-penia

Answer 1

Decreased Concentration

• cytopenia
• Leukopenia
• Neutropenia
• Lymphopenia

Question 2

-cytosis or philia

Answer 2

Increased concentration

• Neutrophilia or neutrophilic leukocytosis
• Monocytosis
• Lymphocytosis
• Eosinophilia
• Basophilia

Question 3

Leukocyte Development

Answer 3

Cytokines stimulate stem cells to differentiate into cell lines and promote increased production of certain cell types

Question 4

Granulocyte Maturation Stages

Answer 4

Question 5

Leukocyte Circulating vs. Marginating pools in Health

Answer 5

In most species, the circulating pool will be equal to the marginating pool.

In cats, the marginating pool is 3 times the circulating pool.

Question 6

Kinetics of Neutrophils in health

Answer 6

• Transit time in marrow
  
  • 7-10 days
• Storage pool:
  
  • relatively large supply of mature neutrophils in most species
  • Ruminants have small granulocyte reserves (small storage pool)
• Blood Transit time:
  
  • ~6-10hrs
• Tissue lifespan:
  
  • 24-48hrs
• Destroyed by macrophages in tissues (~90%) or lost in secretions from mucous membranes (~10%)

Question 7

Neutrophil Function

Answer 7

Inflammatory response chemotaxis and phagocytosis

Innate immune response

Question 8

Left Shift

Answer 8

Increase numbers of immature neutrophils in blood

Question 9

Regenerative Left Shift

Answer 9

Expected response

Bone marrow is able to keep up

Leukocytosis due to neutrophila

[segs] > [non-segs]

Orderly segs > bands > metas > Myelo

Question 10

Degenerative Left Shift

Answer 10

Bone marrow isnot keeping up with demand

Any time [non-segs] > [segs]

Leukopenia due to neutropenia with left shift where >10% of neutrophils are immature

Question 11

Band Neutrophil

Answer 11

Generally parallel sides

lacks definitive indentation

Left shift

“Hallmark of acute inflammation”

Question 12

Segmented Neutrophil

Answer 12

Definitive indentation in nuclear outline

Health

Question 13

Toxic Change in Neutrophils

Answer 13

• Likely the most common morphologic WBC abnormality identidied on the blood film
• Occurs d/t increased stimulus for neutrophil production
  
  • Storage pool of neutrophils in the bone marrow has been depleted
• Accelerated neutrophil production results in aberrant granulopoiesis

Question 14

Answer 14

Toxic changes in Neutrophils

Question 15

Dohle Body

Answer 15

Aggregates of endoplasmic reticulum

indicators of accelerated production on neutrophils in the marrow because of inflammation