Monomers And Polymers

Question 1

What is an amino acid?

Answer 1

Monomer which makes up proteins has a centrel carbon atom which is bonded to a carboxyl as a group and amino group, hydro and R group

Question 2

What is a condensation reaction?

Answer 2

Chemical processes, in which two molecules combine to form a more complex bond with the elimination of a simple substance usually water many biological polymers are formed by condensation. E.g. polysaccharides polypeptides. 

Question 3

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 3

Type of chemical bond in which two atoms share pair of electrons

Question 4

What is hydrolysis?

Answer 4

Breaking down of large molecules into smaller ones by the addition of water molecules

Question 5

What is a monomer?

Answer 5

One of many small molecules that combine together form a polymer

Question 6

What is a monosaccharide?

Answer 6

A single sugar, e.g. glucose, the monomers of a long chain carbohydrate polymers

Question 7

What is a nucleotide?

Answer 7

Compound consisting of an organic base and ribose sugar linked to phosphate group nucleotides, four monomers of nucleic acids such as DNA

Question 8

What is an organic molecule?

Answer 8

Molecules containing carbon that can be found in living things. There are four classes, carbohydrate, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.

Question 9

Carbohydrates

Answer 9

Respiratory substrates, which provide energy for cells used for structure in cell membranes and cell walls and plants 

Question 10

Lipids

Answer 10

Used as respiratory substrates, which provide energy for cells form of bilayer in cell membranes and make up some hormones

Question 11

Proteins

Answer 11

Main component of many cellular structures, form, enzymes and chemical messengers

Question 12

Nucleic acid

Answer 12

Form polymers (DNA and RNA) make up the genetic material of organisms code for the sequence, of amino acids, which make up or proteins

Question 13

Monomers and polymers

Answer 13

Monomers are the smaller units from which larger molecules are made. Polymers are molecules was made from lots of repeating units joined together.

Question 14

Example of monomers

Answer 14

Monosaccharide, amino acids and nucleotides

Question 15

What is a condensation reaction?

Answer 15

Joins two monomers together with the formation of a covalent bond and involves the elimination of a molecule of water 

Question 16

What is a hydrolysis reaction?

Answer 16

Breaks the covalent bonds between two monomers and involves the use of a water molecule

Question 17

Examples of carbohydrates

Answer 17

Monomers= monosaccharides, e.g. glucose, fructose, and galactose
Covalent bond type = glycosidic bond
Polymer made = polysaccharides
Polymer examples = glycogen cellulose starch

Question 18

Protein examples

Answer 18

Monomers= amino acids
Covalent bond type= peptide bond
Polymer made = polypeptide
Polymer examples = enzymes, antibodies channel proteins haemoglobin

Question 19

Nucleic acid examples

Answer 19

Monomers= nucleotides
Covalent bond types = phosphodiester bond
Polymer made = poly nucleotide
Polymer examples = DNA RNA

Question 20

Why life is said to be carbon based

Answer 20

Because carbon which can form 4 bonds forms the backbone of most biological molecules

Question 21

Which enzyme needs chloride ions to function correctly and which needs zinc ions

Answer 21

Amylase needs chloride ions and carbonic anhydrase needs zinc ions

Question 22

Why lipids are not classed as polymers

Answer 22

Lipids are large complex molecules, known as macromolecules, which are built from repeating units or monomers