Carbohydrates

Question 1

What is Alpha glucose?

Answer 1

An isomer of glucose that combine together to form starch, or glycogen

Question 2

What is beta glucose?

Answer 2

Isomer of glucose that can bond together form cellulose

Question 3

What is cellulose?

Answer 3

Polysaccharide made up a beta glucose found in plant cell beta, 1-4 glycolsidic bonds

Question 4

What is a disaccharide?

Answer 4

Made up of two sugar units that are formed by condensation reaction. Monosaccharides are joined by glycolic bond.

Question 5

What is glucose?

Answer 5

A single sugar, which is used in respiration

Question 6

What is glycogen?

Answer 6

A highly branched polysaccharide made up alpha glucose found in animals, alpha 1-4 and alpha 1-6 glycolytic bond

Question 7

What is a glycolicsidic bond?

Answer 7

Bond between sugar, molecules in disaccharide and polysaccharides

Question 8

Hexose sugar

Answer 8

A sugar made up of six carbons

Question 9

Hydrogen bond

Answer 9

Chemical bond formed between the positive charge on a hydrogen atom and the negative charge on another atom of an adjacent monologue often between negative oxygen and positive hydrogen atoms. 

Question 10

Isomer

Answer 10

Two or more compounds with the same formula, but a different different arrangement of atoms in the molecule, and therefore different properties

Question 11

Non-reducing sugar

Answer 11

A sugar, which cannot serve as a reducing agent, e.g. sucrose

Question 12

Reducing sugar

Answer 12

Is sugar that serves as a reducing agent or monosaccharides are reducing sugars along with some disaccharides

Question 13

Monosaccharides

Answer 13

Individual sugar molecules that make up disaccharide and polysaccharides e.g. glucose, fructose and lactose that are two types of sugar molecules hexose, six carbon atoms and pentose five carbon atoms 

Question 14

What type of sugar is glucose?

Answer 14

Is a hexose sugar that can form isomers alpha glucose and beta glucose. 

Question 15

Disaccharides

Answer 15

Formed when two monosaccharides joined through a condensation reaction, forming a glycolic bond between the OH groups, e.g. multose sucrose and lactose

Question 16

What makes up maltose

Answer 16

Glucose+ glucose (reducing)

Question 17

What makes up lactose

Answer 17

Glucose+ galactose (reducing)

Question 18

What makes up sucrose

Answer 18

Glucose+ fructose (non-reducing)

Question 19

Polysaccharides

Answer 19

Formed when more than two monosaccharides, a joint together by condensation reactions can be broken down by hydrolysis back into their monomers

Question 20

Monosaccharide of glucose

Answer 20

Alpha glucose

Question 21

Structure of glucose

Answer 21

Two. Polysaccharides Amylosr and amylopectin. Amylose is long and unbranched and forms coils. Amylopectin is long branch chain due to 1-6 gluycosidic bonds. 

Question 22

Properties of starch

Answer 22

Amylose coiling makes it compact stores more in smaller. Space.
Amylopectin increased surface area for enzymes to hydro glycolic bonds, allowing glucose to be released quickly 

Question 23

Uses of starch

Answer 23

Plants use starch as a way of storing excess glucose as it’s too large to leave cells and insoluble. Starch can be hydroysed to release glucose for respiration.

Question 24

Glycogen monosaccharide

Answer 24

Alpha glucose

Question 25

Glycogen structure

Answer 25

Long branched chain with lots of side, branches the glycosidic bonds are also 1-6

Question 26

glycogen properties?

Answer 26

Lots of branches increase surface area for enzymes to hydrolyse glycolicsidic bonds, allowing glucose to be released quickly. It is also compact molecules that is good for storage. 

Question 27

Uses of glycogen

Answer 27

Animals store excess glucose as glycogen in muscles and in the liver. Therefore making it an energy store as it could be hydrolysed to release glucose quickly we need respiration

Question 28

Cellulose monosaccharide

Answer 28

Beta glucose

Question 29

Cellulose structure

Answer 29

Long and branched straight chains. The glycosidic bonds are 1 – 4, the cellulose chains are then linked together by hydrogen bonds between the glucose molecules and each chain to form thicker fibres called micro fibrils

Question 30

Cellulose properties

Answer 30

The hydrogen bonds between the cellulose chains, make the microfibrils is very strong, but still flexible and allowing them to provide support 

Question 31

Cellulose uses

Answer 31

Cellulose is a major structural component in the cell wars of plants. It provides support and allows cells to become turgid

Question 32

 what do the numbers 1–4 and 1– 6 refer to

Answer 32

The carbon number of the two molecules that have joined the form the bond