Lipids Flashcards
What is glycerol?
Molecule which combines with three fatty acids to form triglycerides. It is three carbon chain with three hydroxyl groups.
Hydrophilic
Section of a molecule which is attracted to water
Hydrophobic
Section of a molecule which is repulsed by water
What is a triglyceride?
Individual lipid molecule made up of a glycerol molecule and three fatty acids contain ester bonds
What is a lipid?
A class of organic compounds that are fatty acids and their derivatives and are insoluble in water, but soluble in organic solvent e.g. triglycerides, phospholipids, wax and steroids.
What is a mono unsaturated fatty acid
Fatty acid, which possesses a carbon chain with a single double bond between carbon atoms
What is a phospholipid?
Triglyceride, in which one of the three fatty acid molecules is replaced by phosphate molecule phospholipids are important in the structure and function of plasma membranes
Poly unsaturated fatty acid
Fatty acid which possesses a carbon chain with many double bonds between carbon atoms
Saturated fatty acid
A fatty acid in which there are no double bonds between the carbon atoms
Info, about lipids
Different from proteins and carbohydrates. They are not polymers. They are still organic molecules as they contain hydrogen and carbon they provide a source of energy helped insulate organisms act as waterproofing or membrane in hormones two types of lipids, triglycerides and phospholipids.
Triglyceride components
A glycerol molecule and three fatty acid chains
Triglyceride bonds
Ester bonds formed by condensation reaction between each of the three 0H groups on the glycerol and the OH group of each fatty acid chain. They are nonpolar 
Triglyceride properties
Fatty acid chains are hydrophobic making lipids insoluble and water. They bundle together as insoluble droplets, because the tails face inwards, and the glycerol heads shielded them from the water. The hydrocarbon fatty acid chains can be saturated or unsaturated.
Examples of triglyceride
Used as an energy store as there is a lot of energy released when the fatty acid chains are broken down
Phospholipids components
A glycerol molecule and phosphate group and two fatty acid chains
Phospholipid bonds
Esther bond formed by condensation reaction between two 0H groups on the glycerol and the OH group of each fatty acid chain
Phospholipid properties
Phosphate group is hydrophilic, and the fatty acid chains are hydrophobic. This allows phospholipids to form bilayers, which make up membranes in and around cells.
Phospholipid examples
Membranes hormones, e.g. testosterone
Saturated fatty acids
Don’t have any double bonds between their carbon atoms. The fatty acid has all the hydrogen it can hold or is saturated with hydrogen.
Unsaturated fatty acids
Have double bonds between carbon atoms, which means they contain few hydrogen atoms. The double bond also causes the chains to bend or kink in saturated fatty acid chains can contain one or many carbon double bonds. 
Phospholipid bilayer
Phospholipid heads are hydrophilic, and their tails are hydrophobic so placed in water. They form a double layer with the heads facing outwards towards the wood, and their tails facing inwards away from the water. The centre of the bilayer is therefore hydrophobic so water soluble substances cannot pass through. This creates a barrier, allows separation of solutions and create different conditions either side of the membrane.
What are sterols
Also known as steroid alcohols and another type of lipid found in cells. They are not fats or oils have very little structurally in common with them. They are complex alcohol molecules based on a carbon ring structure with a OH group at one hand they have jewel hydrophilic at hydrophobic characteristics, e.g. cholesterol 
Cholesterol
The body manufacturers cholesterol, primarily in the liver and intestines plays an important role in the formation of cell membranes, becoming position between the phospholipids, adding stability of cell membrane and regulates the fluid, keeping the membranes fluid at low temperatures and stopping them becoming too fluid high temperatures
Steroid hormones made from cholesterol
Testosterone oxygen and vitamin D because they are small and hydrophobic they can pass through the hydrophobic part of the cell membrane
