Monohybrid inheritance Flashcards
Genotype
The genetic make-up of an organism in terms of the alleles present
Phenotype
The observable features of an organism
Homozygous
Having two identical alleles of a particular gene
Pure-breeding
Two identical homozygous individuals that breed together will be pure-breeding
Heterozygous
Having two different alleles of a particular gene
Will breeding a heterozygous individual be pure-breeding?
No.
Will breeding two homozygous individuals be pure-breeding?
Yes.
What does a dominant allele do?
A dominant allele will be expressed if it is present
What does a recessive allele do?
A recessive allele will only be expressed when there is no dominant allele of the gene present
Inheritance
The transmission of genetic information from generation to generation
Genetics
The study of inherited characteristics and the way they are passed from one generation to another
Gene
A length of DNA that codes for a specific protein
Chromosome
A thread-like structure of DNA carrying genetic information in the form of genes
BASE LAYERS:
What pairs with adenine?
Thymine
BASE LAYERS:
What pairs with cytosine?
Guanine
BASE LAYERS:
What pairs with thymine?
Adenine
BASE LAYERS:
What pairs with guanine?
Cytosine
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Replication
Makes a DNA copy, using DNA
Transcription
Makes mRNA, using DNA
Translation
Makes protein, using mRNA
What does messenger RNA (mRNA) do?
Carries the code from the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm
What base pair does RNA never contain?
Thymine
What base pair does RNA contain instead of thymine?
Uracil (A - U, U - A)
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Brings amino acids to the ribosome
What are two medical examples of monohybrid inheritance?
Albinism and sickle cell anaemia
