Chromosomes, genes and proteins Flashcards
What are chromosomes?
The threadlike structure of DNA, carrying genetic information in the form of genes
What is a gene?
A length of DNA that codes for a protein
What is an allele?
A version of a gene
What is the sequence of bases in a gene?
Genetic code!!!
Genetic code for putting together amino acids in the correct order to make a specific protein
What is a summary of how information in DNA codes for characteristics in cells?
DNA - mRNA - protein - characteristic
How does DNA control cell function?
By controlling the production of proteins (some of which are enzymes), antibodies and receptors for neurotransmitters.
Replication
Makes a DNA copy, using DNA
Transcription
Makes mRNA, using DNA
Translation
makes protein, using mRNA
What is each code word called?
A triplet
What is the normal number of chromosomes in a body cell called?
The diploid number (2n)
What is the number of chromosomes in a gamete called?
The haploid number (n)
what is the type of cell division called that forms gametes?
Meiosis
What are the pairs of adult cell chromosomes called?
Homologous pairs
In a homologous pair of chromosomes; the pair may carry alternative forms of the same gene. What are theses alternative genes called?
Alleles
What is an example of a heterozygous cell?
If a gene for an eye colour has alleles that are blue and brown the cell is heterozygous. If two different alleles are present, the cell is heterozygous for that characteristic.
What is an example of a homozygous cell?
If the gene for an eye colour has alleles of brown and brown the cell is homozygous. If the same type of alleles are present, the cell is homozygous for that characteristic.
