Chromosomes, genes and proteins Flashcards
What are chromosomes?
The threadlike structure of DNA, carrying genetic information in the form of genes
What is a gene?
A length of DNA that codes for a protein
What is an allele?
A version of a gene
What is the sequence of bases in a gene?
Genetic code!!!
Genetic code for putting together amino acids in the correct order to make a specific protein
What is a summary of how information in DNA codes for characteristics in cells?
DNA - mRNA - protein - characteristic
How does DNA control cell function?
By controlling the production of proteins (some of which are enzymes), antibodies and receptors for neurotransmitters.
Replication
Makes a DNA copy, using DNA
Transcription
Makes mRNA, using DNA
Translation
makes protein, using mRNA
What is each code word called?
A triplet
What is the normal number of chromosomes in a body cell called?
The diploid number (2n)
What is the number of chromosomes in a gamete called?
The haploid number (n)
what is the type of cell division called that forms gametes?
Meiosis
What are the pairs of adult cell chromosomes called?
Homologous pairs
In a homologous pair of chromosomes; the pair may carry alternative forms of the same gene. What are theses alternative genes called?
Alleles
