Monocular Cues

Question 1

What are monocular cues?

Answer 1

-Geometric Perspective
-Retinal Image Size
-Aerial Perspective
-Motion Parallax

-Assist crew members with distance estimation and depth perception

Question 2

What is Geometric Perspective?

Answer 2

An object appears to have a different shape when it is viewed at varying distances and from different angles

Question 3

What are the types of geometric perspective?

Answer 3

-Linear perspective
-Apparent Foreshortening
-Vertical position in the field

Question 4

Linear Perspective

Answer 4

Parallel lines such as railroad tracks tend to converge as distance from the observer increases

Question 5

Apparent Foreshortening

Answer 5

The shape of an object or terrain feature appears elliptical (oval and narrow) when viewed from distance at both higher and lower altitudes

Question 6

Vertical Position in the Field

Answer 6

Objects or terrain features at greater distances from the observer appear higher on the horizon than those closer to the observer

Question 7

Retinal Image Size

Answer 7

An image focused on the retina is perceived by the brain to be of a given size

Question 8

Types of Retinal Imagine Size

Answer 8

-Known Size or Objects
-Increasing or Decreasing Size of Objects
-Terrestrial Association
-Overlapping Contours or Interposition Objects

Question 9

What is Aerial Perspective?

Answer 9

How an object’s clarity and its shadow are perceived by the brain and cues for estimating distance

Question 10

Factors of Aerial Perspective?

Answer 10

-Fading of Colors or Shades
-Loss of detail or Texture
-Position of Light Source and Direction of Shadow

Question 11

Motion Parallax

Answer 11

The apparent relative motion of stationary objects as viewed by an observer moving across the landscape

Question 12

Known Size of Objects?

Answer 12

The nearer an object is to the observer, the larger its retinal image

Question 13

Increasing or Decreasing Size of Objects?

Answer 13

If the retinal image of an object increases in size, the object is moving closer to the observer

Question 14

Terrestrial Association?

Answer 14

Comparison of one object such as an airfield with another object of known size such as a helicopter helps in determining the relative size and apparent distance of the object from the observer

Question 15

Overlapping Contours or Interposition of Objects?

Answer 15

When objects overlap, the overlapped object is further away

Question 16

Fading of Colors Or Shades

Answer 16

An object viewed through haze, fog, or smoke appears less distinct and at a greater distance than it actually is

Question 17

Loss of Detail or Texture?

Answer 17

The further an observer is from an object, the less apparent discrete details become