Monoclonal Antibodies And ELISA

Question 1

What does monoclonal mean?

Answer 1

One type of antibody from the same plasma cell with same specific antigen binding site.

Question 2

What does polyclonal mean?

Answer 2

Multiple types of antibodies with different antigen binding sites from different plasma cells.

Question 3

What do monoclonal antibodies produced?

Answer 3

-Stimulate the production of specific antibodies in mice to an antigen through a vaccination.
-Extract antibody forming cells.
-Use tumour cells(replicate rapidly) to replicate clone.
-Tumour cells and antibodies form a hybridoma.
-Screened to see if producing antibody.
-Repeat cloning before antibodies are extracted.
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Question 4

What are some advantagous?

Answer 4

-Used in pregnancy tests and covid.
-Used to treat cancers by targeting specific cells.
-Can test safety of new drugs.

Question 5

What are some disadvantagous?

Answer 5

-Production uses mice and may hurt the animal.
-Healthy patients can suffer multiple organ damage as helper T-cells are produced targeting body tissues.

Question 6

What is ELISA?

Answer 6

Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.

Question 7

What is the model answer for the process of ELISA?

Answer 7

-Bottom of well is lined with specific antigens.
-First antibody binds to the complementary antigen of interest.
-Second antibody with an enzyme is added.
-Second antibody binds to the first antibody.
-Unbound antibody is washed away.
-Solution added and colour change seen if substrate binds to enzyme.