monitoring of critical patients

Question 1

which major body systems should be monitored

Answer 1

cardiovascular, respiratory, neurological

Question 2

what 3 things should you listen for in the respiratory system

Answer 2

rate/pattern/sound

Question 3

an increase in RR and or/ effort means what

Answer 3

serious compromise of respiratory function

Question 4

what is a pulse oximetry

Answer 4

machine that detects the concentration of the oxygen carried by the hemoglobin in the blood

Question 5

what is SaO2 v SpO2

Answer 5

SaO2 - concentrated oxygen

SpO2 - measured by the pulse ox

Question 6

what are 3 further assessment you can do for an assessment of respiratory pattern

Answer 6

pulse oximetry, radiography, arterial blood gas

Question 7

what is an arterial blood gas assessment

Answer 7

sample from the artery, tells use acid-base status, oxygenation/ ventilation status

Question 8

what is acidemic

Answer 8

blood pH to low

Question 9

what is alkalinic

Answer 9

blood pH to high

Question 10

what is PACO2

Answer 10

respiratory component

Question 11

what is PAO2

Answer 11

oxygenation

Question 12

Bicarbonate

Answer 12

Metabolic component for arterial blood gas assessment

Question 13

what is base excess

Answer 13

the calculation (positive or negative) of how much base the body needs to bring it back to normal

Question 14

why may you have hypoventilation and how to fix it

Answer 14

happens when they have increased CO2 and the pH is low because the CO2 is acidic, a bicarbonate will then help to bring back the body to normal (may need a bag)

Question 15

what is evaluated when monitoring the cardiovascular system

Answer 15

pulse pressure, quality, HR, indicators of perfusion

Question 16

what is MAP

Answer 16

mean artrial pressure

Question 17

where should the hypotension # be?

Answer 17

near 100

Question 18

if your more MAP is less than 70mmHg what should you do

Answer 18

tell a doctor asap

Question 19

if your more MAP is 60mmHg what should you know

Answer 19

dangerous for the animal

Question 20

what is evaluated when monitoring the neurological system

Answer 20

changes of the level of consciousness and mentation

Question 21

what are 4 possible causes of neurological issues

Answer 21

1. electrolyte imbalances
2. metabolic derangements
3. thromboembolic evens (clotting)
4. cerebral edema/ herniation

Question 22

what is the normal range of urinary output

Answer 22

1-2 ml/kg/hr

Question 23

what blood tests would you do for looking at metabolic ancillary monitoring

Answer 23

PCV, electrolytes, chemistry

Question 24

what is blood lacate

Answer 24

when tissues break down ATP to produce oxygen = end product

Question 25

what is an indicator of hypoperfusion

Answer 25

blood lactate because there is not enough volume to move well through the body

Question 26

how do you test for coagulation

Answer 26

ACT, aPTT (activated partial thromoplastin time), PT (prthrombin time), platelet count

Question 27

when do you not do enteral feeding in monitoring

Answer 27

4 things, uncontrolled vomiting, GI obstruction. Ileus, Inability to protect its airway

Question 28

what is parenteral feeding

Answer 28

feeding through IV route

Question 29

when may you use a parenteral feeding route

Answer 29

nausea/vomiting, unable to guard its airway, severe ileus, malabsorption

Question 30

what things/formulation need to be in a nutritional monitoring for parental routes

Answer 30

energy, protein, vitamins, electrolytes

Question 31

when do you not use a parenteral route

Answer 31

head trauma, thromboembolic dx, cogulopathies