monitoring of critical patients Flashcards

1
Q

which major body systems should be monitored

A

cardiovascular, respiratory, neurological

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2
Q

what 3 things should you listen for in the respiratory system

A

rate/pattern/sound

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3
Q

an increase in RR and or/ effort means what

A

serious compromise of respiratory function

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4
Q

what is a pulse oximetry

A

machine that detects the concentration of the oxygen carried by the hemoglobin in the blood

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5
Q

what is SaO2 v SpO2

A

SaO2 - concentrated oxygen

SpO2 - measured by the pulse ox

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6
Q

what are 3 further assessment you can do for an assessment of respiratory pattern

A

pulse oximetry, radiography, arterial blood gas

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7
Q

what is an arterial blood gas assessment

A

sample from the artery, tells use acid-base status, oxygenation/ ventilation status

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8
Q

what is acidemic

A

blood pH to low

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9
Q

what is alkalinic

A

blood pH to high

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10
Q

what is PACO2

A

respiratory component

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11
Q

what is PAO2

A

oxygenation

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12
Q

Bicarbonate

A

Metabolic component for arterial blood gas assessment

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13
Q

what is base excess

A

the calculation (positive or negative) of how much base the body needs to bring it back to normal

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14
Q

why may you have hypoventilation and how to fix it

A

happens when they have increased CO2 and the pH is low because the CO2 is acidic, a bicarbonate will then help to bring back the body to normal (may need a bag)

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15
Q

what is evaluated when monitoring the cardiovascular system

A

pulse pressure, quality, HR, indicators of perfusion

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16
Q

what is MAP

A

mean artrial pressure

17
Q

where should the hypotension # be?

18
Q

if your more MAP is less than 70mmHg what should you do

A

tell a doctor asap

19
Q

if your more MAP is 60mmHg what should you know

A

dangerous for the animal

20
Q

what is evaluated when monitoring the neurological system

A

changes of the level of consciousness and mentation

21
Q

what are 4 possible causes of neurological issues

A
  1. electrolyte imbalances
  2. metabolic derangements
  3. thromboembolic evens (clotting)
  4. cerebral edema/ herniation
22
Q

what is the normal range of urinary output

A

1-2 ml/kg/hr

23
Q

what blood tests would you do for looking at metabolic ancillary monitoring

A

PCV, electrolytes, chemistry

24
Q

what is blood lacate

A

when tissues break down ATP to produce oxygen = end product

25
what is an indicator of hypoperfusion
blood lactate because there is not enough volume to move well through the body
26
how do you test for coagulation
ACT, aPTT (activated partial thromoplastin time), PT (prthrombin time), platelet count
27
when do you not do enteral feeding in monitoring
4 things, uncontrolled vomiting, GI obstruction. Ileus, Inability to protect its airway
28
what is parenteral feeding
feeding through IV route
29
when may you use a parenteral feeding route
nausea/vomiting, unable to guard its airway, severe ileus, malabsorption
30
what things/formulation need to be in a nutritional monitoring for parental routes
energy, protein, vitamins, electrolytes
31
when do you not use a parenteral route
head trauma, thromboembolic dx, cogulopathies