monitoring of critical patients Flashcards
which major body systems should be monitored
cardiovascular, respiratory, neurological
what 3 things should you listen for in the respiratory system
rate/pattern/sound
an increase in RR and or/ effort means what
serious compromise of respiratory function
what is a pulse oximetry
machine that detects the concentration of the oxygen carried by the hemoglobin in the blood
what is SaO2 v SpO2
SaO2 - concentrated oxygen
SpO2 - measured by the pulse ox
what are 3 further assessment you can do for an assessment of respiratory pattern
pulse oximetry, radiography, arterial blood gas
what is an arterial blood gas assessment
sample from the artery, tells use acid-base status, oxygenation/ ventilation status
what is acidemic
blood pH to low
what is alkalinic
blood pH to high
what is PACO2
respiratory component
what is PAO2
oxygenation
Bicarbonate
Metabolic component for arterial blood gas assessment
what is base excess
the calculation (positive or negative) of how much base the body needs to bring it back to normal
why may you have hypoventilation and how to fix it
happens when they have increased CO2 and the pH is low because the CO2 is acidic, a bicarbonate will then help to bring back the body to normal (may need a bag)
what is evaluated when monitoring the cardiovascular system
pulse pressure, quality, HR, indicators of perfusion
what is MAP
mean artrial pressure
where should the hypotension # be?
near 100
if your more MAP is less than 70mmHg what should you do
tell a doctor asap
if your more MAP is 60mmHg what should you know
dangerous for the animal
what is evaluated when monitoring the neurological system
changes of the level of consciousness and mentation
what are 4 possible causes of neurological issues
- electrolyte imbalances
- metabolic derangements
- thromboembolic evens (clotting)
- cerebral edema/ herniation
what is the normal range of urinary output
1-2 ml/kg/hr
what blood tests would you do for looking at metabolic ancillary monitoring
PCV, electrolytes, chemistry
what is blood lacate
when tissues break down ATP to produce oxygen = end product
what is an indicator of hypoperfusion
blood lactate because there is not enough volume to move well through the body
how do you test for coagulation
ACT, aPTT (activated partial thromoplastin time), PT (prthrombin time), platelet count
when do you not do enteral feeding in monitoring
4 things, uncontrolled vomiting, GI obstruction. Ileus, Inability to protect its airway
what is parenteral feeding
feeding through IV route
when may you use a parenteral feeding route
nausea/vomiting, unable to guard its airway, severe ileus, malabsorption
what things/formulation need to be in a nutritional monitoring for parental routes
energy, protein, vitamins, electrolytes
when do you not use a parenteral route
head trauma, thromboembolic dx, cogulopathies
