categories of pain

Question 1

what are the 3 main categories of pain?

Answer 1

somatic, visceral, neuropathic

Question 2

what arises from skin,muscles and skeletal structures (musculo-skeletal pain)

Answer 2

somatic pain

Question 3

where are nociceptors located for somatic pain

Answer 3

skin and joint surfaces

Question 4

examples of somatic pain

Answer 4

surgical incisions, burns, sprains, bone fracture

Question 5

what arises from internal organs of the main body cavities

Answer 5

visceral pain

Question 6

where are nociceptors located for visceral pain?

Answer 6

within body organs and internal cavity

Question 7

what are examples of visceral pain

Answer 7

pyometra, ascites, constipation, FLUTD

Question 8

what is neuropathic pain?

Answer 8

pain initiated or caused by a primary lesion or dysfunction of the nervous system

Question 9

what can neuropathic pain affect?

Answer 9

muscle control, temperature sensation, position sensation and pain sensation

Question 10

where may the neuropathic pain originate from?

Answer 10

peripheral or central nervous system

Question 11

what are 3 purposes of adaptive pain?

Answer 11

1. the body’s central processes is operating normally
2. identifiable noxious event with stimulation of nociceptive system
3. warning of impending or actual tissue damage

Question 12

what are 3 examples of adaptive pain

Answer 12

surgery, inflammation, trauma/injury

Question 13

what is maladaptive pain

Answer 13

the pain is still there after the injury has healed

Question 14

what might not be working correctly in maladaptive pain

Answer 14

CNS is not properly processing the pain

Question 15

what is wind-up pain

Answer 15

bombardment of the spinal cord with chemical transmitters

Question 16

what is allyodynia?

Answer 16

pain resulting from normally painless stimuli

Question 17

what is hyperalgesia?

Answer 17

heightened sense of pain to noxious stimuli

Question 18

what 3 things does preemptive analgesia help?

Answer 18

1. provoides therapeutic intervention
2. prevents/minimizes sensitization to noxious stimulus
3. prevents adaptive pain to maladaptive pain

Question 19

what is acute pain based on?

Answer 19

1. health status
2. extent of surgery/injuries
3. duration of analgesia

Question 20

what is chronic pain based on?

Answer 20

1. cause of pain
2. degree of pain
3. responsiveness to therapy
4. daily log completed by owners
5. periodic evaluation by the vet

Question 21

what is the SDS (Simple descriptive scale) (Pros and cons)

Answer 21

1. has categories of pain intensity and each description assigned a number (patients pain score)
2. pro: simple to use
3. cons: lacks sensitivity

Question 22

what is the VAS (Visual analog scale + pros/cons)

Answer 22

1. a 100mm straight line representing the entire spectrum of pain
2. pros: no descriptive terms or assigned numbers
3. cons: observer’s variability in the interpretation

Question 23

what is DIVAS

Answer 23

• an expansion of the VAS which includes dynamic (the animal is expected to move) and interactive *the wound in palpated) observations
• observe both undisturbed of the animal and then handling and palpation of the painful area

Question 24

what is the NRS (numeric rating scal)

Answer 24

-multiple categories to evaluate patients behaviors, similar to the VAS (choosing a rating similar)

Question 25

what is VRS (variable rating scale)

Answer 25

values are assigned to several designated clinical criteria, the sum of which gives the pain score
-melbourne/glassgow pain score