MONITORING and CONTROL 25% slide 560 Flashcards
Which of the following is not an objective of the
Monitoring and Controlling Process Group?
A) Track, review, and regulate project progress
and performance
B) Identify areas in which changes to the plans
are required and initiate change requests
where needed
C) Objectively evaluate and formally accept
project deliverables
D) Deliver project deliverables, once completed,
to the customer
M/C • Integration Management • General
D) Deliver project deliverables,
once completed, to the customer
While the project team does ensure that
all deliverables meet the quality standards
(Control Quality) and are approved by the
customer (Validate Scope), no deliverable
is officially transferred to the customer
until the end of the project in the Close
Project or Phase process.
Which of the following is not produced during the Monitoring and Controlling Process Group? A) Work performance data B) Work performance information C) Work performance reports D) Schedule and cost forecasts
M/C • Integration Management • General
A) Work performance
data
Work performance data are produced during the Executing Process Group by the Direct and Manage Project Work process. The data are a valuable input to the processes in the Monitoring and Controlling Process Group.
The Monitor and Control Project Work process provides insights into the health of a project by tracking, reviewing, and reporting on actual vs. expected progress. True or False:
M/C • Integration Management • Monitor & Control Project Work
True The focus of the Monitor and Control Project Work process is to maintain a clear understanding of how the project is progressing against the project baselines and project plans.
Which document, produced as a key
output of the Monitor and Control
Project Work process, summarizes
project performance and forecasts?
M/C • Integration Management • Monitor & Control Project Work
Work performance reports
Work performance reports summarize work performance information concisely and are critical to keep stakeholders aware of the project’s progress and to generate decisions or action.
_______are submitted to correct current and potential
project performance issues.
M/C • Integration Management • Monitor & Control Project Work
Change requests
How are work performance data translated into work performance information?
M/C • Integration Management • Monitor & Control Project Work
Data analysis It is through data analysis that the raw work performance data are translated directly into work performance information. This is one of the primary activities that occurs in the M/C Process Group.
What is the desired impact of the work performance reports generated as an output of the Monitor and
Control Project Work process?
M/C • Integration Management • Monitor & Control Project Work
To maintain stakeholder awareness
and generate decisions or action
Which of the following is not a type of action that would initiate a change request? A) Corrective actions B) Preventative actions C) Defect repairs D) Progress updates
M/C • Integration Management • Monitor & Control Project Work
D) Progress updates The three main drivers for change requests to improve performance are corrective actions, preventative actions, and defect repairs. Progress updates alone are not drivers for change requests, but they may convey information that drives the need for a change request.
Work performance information
provides insights into the
effectiveness in meeting project _______.
M/C • Integration Management • Monitor & Control Project Work
Objectives Work performance information indicates how the project is performing in scope, schedule, budget, quality, etc. These results are compared against the project plan to determine the degree of variance from the plan and if preventative/ corrective actions are required.
Which three types of documents
provide the baseline standards
and additional performance data
needed to assess project progress?
M/C • Integration Management • Monitor & Control Project Work
Project plans, project documents, and agreements
The project plans provide the expected plans and baselines by which progress is
evaluated.
The documents can provide progress reports, forecasts, logs, and
standards.
The agreements define what contractors must deliver.
Which type of analysis identifies the difference between planned performance and actual performance?
M/C • Integration Management • Monitor & Control Project Work
Variance analysis
Variance analysis is a key tool
and technique used during the Monitor and Control Project Work process to determine the condition of the project.
What is the difference between root cause analysis and alternatives analysis?
M/C • Integration Management • Monitor & Control Project Work
Root cause analysis identifies the main reasons
for an issue or variance between planned and actual performance.
Alternatives analysis is used to evaluate and select
the best corrective or preventative action
to improve project performance.
Any change request that potentially impacts a project baseline must be evaluated using the formal
process.
M/C • Integration Management • Perform Integrated Change Control
Perform Integrated Change Control
In which process are the approved change requests implemented?
M/C • Integration Management • Perform Integrated Change Control
Direct and Manage Project Work
All approved change requests
flow back to the Direct and
Manage Project Work process as
inputs to be implemented.
Describe the method by which change requests are recorded and submitted.
M/C • Integration Management • Perform Integrated Change Control
Change requests must be recorded in written form and entered into the change management system in order to be eligible for evaluation.
Data analysis is used by the ________ to evaluate the impact of each change request.
M/C • Integration Management • Perform Integrated Change Control
Change control board (CCB)
All change requests submitted must be evaluated by a CCB. This
board evaluates the total impact of the proposed change and renders a decision.
Name the three options that the change control board has when evaluating a change request.
M/C • Integration Management • Perform Integrated Change Control
Approve, defer, or reject
Every change request must be
approved, deferred, or rejected
by the change control board
(CCB).
What are the three most common
decision-making techniques used by a
change control board to render a final
decision on a change request?
M/C • Integration Management • Perform Integrated Change Control
- Voting,
- autocratic decision making, and
- multicriteria decision making
Change requests can only be implemented after they are transformed into _____.
M/C • Integration Management • Perform Integrated Change Control
Approved change requests Change requests can only be implemented after they are transformed into approved change requests
Which portion of the project management plan must be updated if a change request is submitted, approved, and results in additional costs? A) WBS dictionary B) Cost baseline C) Schedule baseline D) Communication plan
M/C • Integration Management • Perform Integrated Change Control
B) Cost baseline The approved change request authorizes the increase of additional costs for the project. The cost baseline must be adjusted to reflect the increase.
If a potential problem is identified in a project, but the team does not believe it justifies the creation of a change request at the present time, where should the information be recorded?
M/C • Integration Management • Perform Integrated Change Control
Issue log The issue log is used to record and track issues of all magnitudes in the project. While the issue identified may not currently require a change request, it is prudent to record it on the issue log so that it may be tracked going forward.
_______ is the process of obtaining the customer’s formal acceptance of completed project
deliverables.
M/C • Scope Management • Validate Scope
Validate Scope The purpose of the Validate Scope process is to obtain the customer’s formal acceptance of the completed project deliverables.
The verified deliverable that are produced as outputs by the _____________ process are the main inputs leveraged by the Validate Scope process.
M/C • Scope Management • Validate Scope
Control Quality The verified deliverables produced by the Control Quality process are what are evaluated for formal customer acceptance in the Validate Scope process.
What is the difference between the
Control Quality and Validate Scope
processes?
M/C • Scope Management • Validate Scope
Control Quality confirms that
quality standards are met.
Validate Scope confirms
the customer accepts the
deliverables.
______________ is the formal document signifying that the customer has accepted a deliverable
as complete and satisfactory.
M/C • Scope Management • Validate Scope
Accepted deliverable
What must occur for a verified deliverable to become an accepted deliverable?
M/C • Scope Management • Validate Scope
the customer must
confirm that the acceptance
criteria have been met.
A formal signature confirming
acceptance must be obtained
from the customer.
Which document produced in the Planning Process Group links the project requirements to the deliverables that satisfy them? M/C • Scope Management • Validate Scope
Requirements traceability matrix The requirements traceability matrix produced in the Collect Requirements process visually displays the deliverables that must be satisfied.
Which two techniques are used to
evaluate that verified deliverables
meet acceptance criteria?
M/C • Scope Management • Validate Scope
Inspection and
decision making
Inspection includes measuring,
examining, and validating each
deliverable.
Decision making, often
including voting, is the method by
which a conclusion is reached.
The accepted deliverables produced by the Validate Scope process are forwarded to which process as an input? M/C • Scope Management • Validate Scope
Close Project or Phase
Define the primary purpose of the
Control Scope process.
M/C • Scope Management • Control Scope
The Control Scope process is focused on monitoring the status and managing changes to the scope baseline to prevent scope creep.
Which key output of the Control Scope process summarizes the actual scope performance against the scope baseline? M/C • Scope Management • Control Scope
Work performance information
__________ and project documents provide the facts required to identify significant variances between the scope performance and the performance baseline.
M/C • Scope Management • Control Scope
Work performance data
Work performance data provide the raw materials that are analyzed within the Control Scope process to produce the work performance information.
Which analysis technique used during the Control Scope process determines if project performance is improving or deteriorating by examining historical results? M/C • Scope Management • Control Scope
Trend analysis
How does variance analysis work
and what type of actions could
it facilitate?
M/C • Scope Management • Control Scope
Variance analysis compares the
baseline to the actual results.
If the variance exceeds a threshold, then
corrective or preventative action may
be developed.
If the actions impact
the baseline, then a change request
will be generated.
The Control Scope process is conducted throughout the life of the project.
True or False:
M/C • Scope Management • Control Scope
True After the scope baseline is defined, the Control Scope process must be conducted throughout the entire project. This process is essential as it helps to monitor the success of the project and the prevention of scope creep.
Schedule-related work performance information, such as SV and SPI, are fed back (as inputs) into which process? M/C • Schedule Management • Control Schedule
Monitor and Control Project Work
The Monitor and Control Project
Work process tracks, summarizes,
and reports on the overall project
performance.
The ________ visually displays
the amount of work completed and
uncompleted over time.
M/C • Schedule Management • Control Schedule
Iteration burndown chart
Define the primary purpose of
the Control Schedule process.
M/C • Schedule Management • Control Schedule
The Control Schedule process involves monitoring and maintaining an accurate schedule baseline throughout the completion of the project.
Which of the following is not a method to bring a project schedule back into alignment with the plan? A) Resource compression B) Resource optimization C) Leads and lags D) Schedule compression
M/C • Schedule Management • Control Schedule
A) Resource compression
Resource compression is not an actual technique. The three common methods are resource optimization, lead and lag analysis, and schedule compression.
How do schedule variance (SV) and schedule performance (SPI) differ when analyzing a project’s
schedule performance?
M/C • Schedule Management • Control Schedule
Schedule variance defines the
amount a project is ahead/behind
the schedule baseline.
Schedule performance defines
how efficiently the team is
completing the work.
By which standard is the actual schedule performance evaluated during the Control Schedule process?
M/C • Schedule Management • Control Schedule
Schedule baseline The schedule baseline is the standard by which schedule progress is evaluated during the Control Schedule process.
The Control Costs process centers on understanding both the total amount spent and the of the money spent to complete project activities. M/C • Cost Management • Control Costs
Effectiveness Analysis conducted during the Control Cost process determines the effectiveness of the money spent on a project by analyzing the total amount spent and the value generated from the spend.
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ integrates scope, schedule, and cost to answer the question, “Has the plan been effective in delivering the desired results?” M/C • Cost Management • Control Costs
Earned value management (EVM) EVM integrates the cost, schedule, and scope performance and evaluates it against the baseline.
Which variable defines the total budget amount allocated for the project?
M/C • Cost Management • Control Costs
Budget at completion (BAC)
Planned value (PV) defines the value of work that \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ done.
M/C • Cost Management • Control Costs
Should be Planned value (PV) defines the value of the work that should be done. This creates the standard by which progress will be measured.
Earned value (EV) defines the value of work that \_\_\_\_\_ done. M/C • Cost Management • Control Costs
Is Earned value (EV) defines the value of the work that is done. This is often used to calculate the project’s completion percentage.
Schedule variance (SV) determines the amount a project is ahead/behind the schedule baseline. What does a negative schedule baseline indicate? M/C • Cost Management • Control Costs
Project is behind schedule A negative SV indicates that a project is behind schedule, while projects with positive SVs are ahead of schedule.
At the completion of a project,
what will the SV value be?
M/C • Cost Management • Control Costs
Zero The schedule variance will always be zero at the end of the project because all of the work planned is completed.
Your project team has been more efficient than originally projected in completing the project work. What would you expect the SPI value to be? M/C • Cost Management • Control Costs
Above 1 SPI values above 1 indicate that more work has been completed than planned at the period of time (indicating that the team has been more efficient than expected).
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ variable determines if the project is ahead or behind the budget defined in the cost baseline. M/C • Cost Management • Control Costs
Cost variance (CV) The cost variance (CV) determines the amount of budget deficit or surplus at a given time.
State the only difference between
the CV and CPI equations.
M/C • Cost Management • Control Costs
A division symbol The equations for CV and CPI are nearly identical in structure. The only difference is that there is a division symbol in the CPI equation: CV = EV - AC CPI = EV / AC
Which EVM variable calculates the expected total cost of the project at the completion of all project work? M/C • Cost Management • Control Costs
Estimate at completion (EAC) EAC determines the expected total cost at the completion of all project work.
The estimate to complete (ETC) calculates the expected cost to finish all the remaining project work. True or False: M/C • Cost Management • Control Costs
True Estimate at complete (ETC) calculates the expected cost to finish all the remaining project work. ETC = EAC - AC
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ variable determines the CPI that must be achieved with the remaining resources to meet a specific management goal. M/C • Cost Management • Control Costs
To-complete performance index (TCPI) TCPI evaluates the current performance and determines the CPI rate that must be maintained to hit a defined management goal. Two equations exist to calculate the TCPI to meet the management goals of BAC or EAC.
Is a TCPI above or below 1 more
difficult to meet?
M/C • Cost Management • Control Costs
Above 1 TCPI values above 1 are more difficult to meet because the team must perform at a level more efficient than originally planed in the project cost baseline.
Which type of analysis evaluates
the amount of management and
contingency reserves still remaining?
M/C • Cost Management • Control Costs
Reserve analysis Reserve analysis is used during the Control Costs process to track the amount of reserves remaining.
What is the purpose of the Control
Quality process?
M/C • Quality Management • Control Quality
ensure project outputs are
complete, correct, and satisfactory to customers
by monitoring and recording quality results.
Control quality determines if the project outputs do what they were intended to do. True or False: M/C • Quality Management • Control Quality
True The Control Quality process determines if the project outputs (deliverables) do what they were intended to do.
The Control Quality process is generally performed before the Validate Scope process, although the two processes could be performed in \_\_\_\_\_ . M/C • Quality Management • Control Quality
Parallel
What is the primary output of the
Control Quality process?
M/C • Quality Management • Control Quality
Verified deliverable
Verified deliverables confirm that
the project deliverables do what
they were intended to do.
Which data gathering technique uses a smaller sample to measure quality and infer the total quality of a larger population? M/C • Quality Management • Control Quality
Statistical
sampling
Name the simple, yet powerful, data gathering technique used to gather attribute data while performing inspections (ie: defects). M/C • Quality Management • Control Quality
Check sheets
When a quality issue is identified,
which type of data analysis
technique is often leveraged to
investigate the cause?
M/C • Quality Management • Control Quality
Root cause analysis Root cause analysis aims to identify the core problem driving an issue so that it can be eliminated
The team has used a chart to determine whether or not a process is stable. Which chart have they leveraged? M/C • Quality Management • Control Quality
Control chart
Which quality tool is used to help
identify the possible root cause
driving a defect?
M/C • Quality Management • Control Quality
Cause-and-effect diagram Also known as a fishbone or Ishikawa diagram, the cause-andeffect diagram helps to identify the root cause of a defect.
What is the goal of the Control
Resources process?
M/C • Resource Management • Control Resources
Right resources, right place, right time The goal of the Control Resources process is to ensure that the right resources are available at the right place and time and in the right quantity.
The Control Resources process is
focused on coordinating both physical
and team resources.
True or False:
M/C • Resource Management • Control Resources
False The Control Resources process is focused only on the coordination of physical resources, not team resources.
The act of monitoring and analyzing the
actual vs. planned resource allocation,
during the Control Resources process,
produces __________ that can
highlight gaps in resources availability.
M/C • Resource Management • Control Resources
Work performance
information
Throughout a project, the team recognizes two examples of extremely effective resource utilization. Where should this information be recorded? M/C • Resource Management • Control Resources
Lesson learned
register
Name two critical “soft skills” that are often used to obtain additional resources and solve problems during the Control Resources process. M/C • Resource Management • Control Resources
Negotiation and influence
Which project document shows
when resources are available to
the project?
M/C • Resource Management • Control Resources
Resources
calendar
What type of data analysis is used during the Control Resources process to better understand the economic impacts of a decision? M/C • Resource Management • Control Resources
Cost-benefit
analysis
Define the purpose of the Monitor
Communications process.
M/C • Comm. Management • Monitor Communications
evaluation of actual communications
and initiates changes to improve results when needed.
What are four ways in which the team achieves the goal of ensuring each stakeholder’s communication needs are met? M/C • Comm. Management • Monitor Communications
1) Monitoring the actual
communications delivered by
the Manage Communications
process
2) Evaluating the effectiveness of
communications
3) Understanding changes in
stakeholder needs
4) Triggering changes to the
communications plan
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ matrix provides the desired stakeholder engagement level that the communications management plan was designed to achieve. M/C • Comm. Management • Monitor Communications
Stakeholder
engagement matrix
During which process was the stakeholder engagement matrix, which defines the current vs. desired engagement levels, created? M/C • Comm. Management • Monitor Communications
Plan Stakeholder
Engagement (13.2)
process
Which project document should be updated to record engagement and communications issues uncovered during the Monitor Communications process? M/C • Comm. Management • Monitor Communications
Issue log
If a change request was submitted and
approved to modify the approach, frequency,
or method of communicating information,
which document or plan would be least likely
to be updated?
A) Communications management plan
B) Stakeholder engagement plan
C) Requirements traceability matrix
D) Lessons learned register
M/C • Comm. Management • Monitor Communications
C) Requirements
traceability matrix
Updates to the methods of communication would most likely be recorded in the communications management plan, stakeholder engagement plan, and lessons learned register.
How does the Monitor Risk process
differ from the Implement Risk
Responses process?
M/C • Risk Management • Monitor Risk
The Monitor Risks process evaluates the
effectiveness of risk responses
initiated during the Implement Risk Responses process.
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ communicates whether or not the contingency reserve remaining is sufficient to meet the risk remaining. M/C • Risk Management • Monitor Risk
Burndown chart
The risk-related \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ generated as the key output of the Monitor Risks process is fed back (as an input) into the Monitor and Control Project Work process. This process tracks, summarizes, and reports on overall project performance. M/C • Risk Management • Monitor Risk
Work performance
information
Which of the following is not one of the key objectives of the Monitor Risk process? A) Monitor the implementation of risk response plans B) Track identified risks C) Identify and analyze new risks D) Assign individuals to implement new corrective actions to eliminate new risks identified M/C • Risk Management • Monitor Risk
D) Assign individuals to implement new corrective actions to eliminate new risks identified
Name the technique commonly used to determine if the risk management processes are followed and effective. M/C • Risk Management • Monitor Risk
Audits
Which two types of data analysis are used during
the Monitor Risk process to compare the scheduled
vs. actual technical accomplishments and to
evaluate the impact of risk on contingency reserves?
A) Qualitative risk analysis and quantitative risk
analysis
B) Technical performance analysis and contingency
analysis
C) Technical performance analysis and reserve
analysis
D) Risk categorization and quantitative risk analysis
M/C • Risk Management • Monitor Risk
C) Technical performance analysis
and reserve analysis
Technical performance analysis compares
technical accomplishments during project
execution with what was scheduled.
Reserve analysis is used to determine if
the remaining reserve is adequate.
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the term that describes the approaches and contingencies that project managers build into their project’s risk processes. M/C • Risk Management • Monitor Risk
Project resilience
What type of reserve has been
established to account for
knowable-unknowns?
M/C • Risk Management • Monitor Risk
Contingency
reserves
The Control Procurements process focuses on all of the following, except: A) Establishing contracts with buyers B) Ensuring that both parties meet contractual obligations C) Confirming that the appropriate buyer parties approve deliverables D) Resolving all conflicts in a positive manner M/C • Procurement Management • Control Procurements
A) Establishing contracts with buyers The Control Procurements process evaluates contract progress and results and manages the procurement relationship to improve the likelihood of project success. The establishment of contracts is accomplished in the Conduct Procurements process.
Changes to procurements require adherence to the company’s internal change request process. True or False: M/C • Procurement Management • Control Procurements
False
Changes to procurements must
adhere to the change control
terms defined in the contract
The Controlling Procurements process generates \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ that must be documented in project documents/plans. M/C • Procurement Management • Control Procurements
Work performance
information and
change requests
Describe the process required to
close a procurement.
M/C • Procurement Management • Control Procurements
To close the procurement, formal
written notice that the contract
has been completed must be
obtained.
The process is formally
defined in the contract terms and is
usually completed by the authorized
procurement administrator.
When conflicts/issues occur in the
fulfillment of a contract, what is the
most optimal method of action?
M/C • Procurement Management • Control Procurements
Negotiations
Negotiations are the
optimal method of resolving
contractual issues.
If negotiations are unable to rectify
contractual issues, what method
should be leveraged?
M/C • Procurement Management • Control Procurements
Alternative dispute resolution (ADR) Negotiations are the optimal method to handle conflict. If issues cannot be resolved, the project manager must follow the ADR defined in the contract.
What are the key outputs of the
Control Procurement process?
M/C • Procurement Management • Control Procurements
Closed procurements, work performance information, change requests, document updates The goal of the Control Procurements process is to continually evaluate the progress of the procurements and make proper adjustments so that the contract can be completed on time and budget. The closed procurements signify the successful completion of the contract.
What two methods are used to monitor that the deliverables produced meet the requirements defined in the contract? M/C • Procurement Management • Control Procurements
Inspections and audits
In the most simple terms, you
inspect things and you audit
processes.
As a project evolves, it is often necessary to modify the methods used to engage stakeholders. True or False: M/C • Stakeholder Mgmt. • Monitor Stakeholder Engagement
True The primary goal of the Monitor Stakeholder Engagement process is to maintain or increase the efficiency and effectiveness of stakeholder engagement activities. To accomplish this, it is often necessary to adjust the strategies by which each stakeholder is engaged.
The Monitor Stakeholder Engagement process aims to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ engagement activities as the project evolves. M/C • Stakeholder Mgmt. • Monitor Stakeholder Engagement
Adapt; improve As with the Monitor Communications process, the Monitor Stakeholder Engagement process constantly gauges results and quickly initiates changes to improve the effectiveness of stakeholder engagement.
The team can improve the effectiveness of
stakeholder engagement activities by completing
all of the following, except:
A) Collecting work performance data generated by
the Direct and Manage Project Work process
B) Evaluating if the desired engagement levels are
obtained (actual vs. desired)
C) Removing stakeholders who resist project
progress
D) Generating changes to improve the
effectiveness of engagement activities
M/C • Stakeholder Mgmt. • Monitor Stakeholder Engagement
C) Removing stakeholders who
resist project progress
Stakeholders are only removed from the
stakeholder register if they are no longer
impacted by the project. It is not acceptable
to remove stakeholders who resist the project.
The primary goal of the Monitor Stakeholder
Engagement process is to adjust the strategies
used in order to improve the engagement of
stakeholders, especially those resistant
On which data representation document would it be easy to see which stakeholder currently has a gap between the actual and desired engagement level? M/C • Stakeholder Mgmt. • Monitor Stakeholder Engagement
Stakeholder engagement matrix
The stakeholder engagement matrix, created in the Manage Stakeholder Engagement process, maps the actual vs. desired engagement level for each stakeholder. This document must be updated throughout the project to reflect changes.
_______ involves listening and then using your words to
clarify and confirm the message that was heard.
M/C • Stakeholder Mgmt. • Monitor Stakeholder Engagement
Active listening
Which two interpersonal and team skills must be leveraged when cultivating strong stakeholder engagement on international projects? M/C • Stakeholder Mgmt. • Monitor Stakeholder Engagement
Cultural awareness and political awareness When developing strong stakeholder engagement it is extremely important to be aware of the cultural and political environments of the different stakeholders on your project.
The completion of stakeholder analysis has determined that the planned engagement activities have failed to deliver the desired level of engagement for a key stakeholder. What should the team do next? M/C • Stakeholder Mgmt. • Monitor Stakeholder Engagement
Complete root cause and
then alternatives analysis
Root cause analysis helps define the
reasons for a lack of engagement and
alternatives analysis develops options
to eliminate the variances.
__________ provide insights
necessary to understand each
stakeholder’s level of engagement.
M/C • Stakeholder Mgmt. • Monitor Stakeholder Engagement
Work performance data Work performance data define the project status of the type of engagement delivered, which stakeholders are supportive, and the levels of support. Work performance data and project documents are key inputs to the Monitor Stakeholder Engagement process.
