monitoring Flashcards
what are the main aims of monitoring anaesthesia
to provide an appropriate depth for the procedure
to maintain normal physiological function of the patient
what body systems have to be monitored closely?
cardiovascular system
central nervous system
respiratory system
body temperature
what vital signs will you be looking out for?
HR/pulse RR CRT BP central venous pressure Temp urine output bleeding haemoglobin saturation
how would you monitor the heart?
palpate the arteries and the apex beat of the heart
stethoscope
use an ECG
how would you check the mucus membranes?
check the refill time
check the colour of the membranes
how would you check the haemoglobin saturation?
using a pulse oximetry to see how much oxygen is being carried around in the blood
how would you check the perfusion of an animal?
pulse pressure CRT pulse oximetry the colour of the blood at the surgical site core temperature urine output
what reflexes can be used to monitor at patient?
palpebral jaw tone tongue curl eye position pupil diameter corneal reflex salivation lacrimation
how would you monitor respiration?
pulse oximetry
capnography
blood gas analysis
ap alert
what happens at stage 1 of anaesthesia?
HR and RR increases
pupils dilate
skeletal muscle tone increases
what happens at stage 2 of anaesthesia?
cranial nerves reflexes are present
pupils dilated
eyes rotated ventromedial
what happens at stage 3 plane 1 of anaesthesia?
limb movement absent
slower palpebral reflex
breathing is regular and deep
3rd eyelids partly across
