Monera Flashcards

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1
Q

What are bacteria also known as

A

Prokaryotes

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2
Q

Three bacterial shapes

A

Rod (bacillus)
Spherical (cocci)
Spiral (spirillum)

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3
Q

What do rod bacteria cause

A

Anthrax

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4
Q

What do spherical bacteria cause

A

Pneumonia

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5
Q

What do spiral bacteria cause

A

Syphillis

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6
Q

How do bacteria reproduce

A

By binary fission, asexually.

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7
Q

Evolve by

A

Mutating

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8
Q

What are endospores

A

Tough-walled spores, can withstand harsh conditions.

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9
Q

Two types of nutrition

A

Autotrophic-make own food

Heterotrophic-take in food

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10
Q

Autotrophic categories

A

Photosynthetic bacteria

Chemosynthetic bacteria-use energy from chemical reactions to make food

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11
Q

Heterotrophic categories

A

Saprophytic-feed from a dead source

Parasitic-feeding from a live host.

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12
Q

Factors affecting bacterial growth

A
Temperature
pH
Oxygen concentration
External solute concentration
Pressure
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13
Q

Aerobic bacteria

A

Use oxygen for respiration

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14
Q

Anaerobic bacteria

A

Don’t use oxygen for respiration

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15
Q

Economic benefits of bacteria

A

Manufacture of dairy products eg milk and cheese

The production of drugs and insulin.

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16
Q

Economic disadvantages

A

Cause diseases in humans plants and animals.

Cause food decay

17
Q

Pathogenic bacteria

A

Cause disease.

18
Q

Antibiotics

A

Chemicals made by micro organisms to kill or stop the growth of bacteria.

19
Q

Antibiotic resistance

A

When bacteria develop immunity to antibiotics by mutations.

20
Q

Multi resistant bacteria

A

Not affected by antibiotics.

21
Q

Prokaryotes

A

Bacteria. Single celled, no nucleus or membrane bound organelles.

22
Q

4 stages of bacterial growth

A
  1. Lag phase
  2. Log phase
  3. Stationary phase
  4. Death phase
23
Q

Lag phase

A

Brief period of adaption by cells to the new conditions.

Bacteria producing necessary enzymes to digest nutrients.

24
Q

Log phase

A

Rapid period of growth
Few waste products being produced
Bacteria doubling every twenty minutes.

25
Q

Stationary phase

A

Rate of growth levels off
Nutrients being used up
Waste produced by bacteria is increasing
Birth rate is equal to death

26
Q

Batch food processing

A

Fixed amount of nutrient added to bacteria in a bioreactor.
Bacteria go through lag, log, stationary and death phases.
Process stopped.
Bioreactor emptied and sterilised so process can be repeated.

27
Q

Continuous flow food processing

A

Nutrients continuously added to the bioreactor.
Bacteria and product continuously removed.
Bacteria maintained at log stage.
Conditions in bioreactor kept constant.