Monera

Question 1

What are bacteria also known as

Answer 1

Prokaryotes

Question 2

Three bacterial shapes

Answer 2

Rod (bacillus)
Spherical (cocci)
Spiral (spirillum)

Question 3

What do rod bacteria cause

Answer 3

Anthrax

Question 4

What do spherical bacteria cause

Answer 4

Pneumonia

Question 5

What do spiral bacteria cause

Answer 5

Syphillis

Question 6

How do bacteria reproduce

Answer 6

By binary fission, asexually.

Question 7

Evolve by

Answer 7

Mutating

Question 8

What are endospores

Answer 8

Tough-walled spores, can withstand harsh conditions.

Question 9

Two types of nutrition

Answer 9

Autotrophic-make own food

Heterotrophic-take in food

Question 10

Autotrophic categories

Answer 10

Photosynthetic bacteria

Chemosynthetic bacteria-use energy from chemical reactions to make food

Question 11

Heterotrophic categories

Answer 11

Saprophytic-feed from a dead source

Parasitic-feeding from a live host.

Question 12

Factors affecting bacterial growth

Answer 12

Temperature
pH
Oxygen concentration
External solute concentration
Pressure

Question 13

Aerobic bacteria

Answer 13

Use oxygen for respiration

Question 14

Anaerobic bacteria

Answer 14

Don’t use oxygen for respiration

Question 15

Economic benefits of bacteria

Answer 15

Manufacture of dairy products eg milk and cheese

The production of drugs and insulin.

Question 16

Economic disadvantages

Answer 16

Cause diseases in humans plants and animals.

Cause food decay

Question 17

Pathogenic bacteria

Answer 17

Cause disease.

Question 18

Antibiotics

Answer 18

Chemicals made by micro organisms to kill or stop the growth of bacteria.

Question 19

Antibiotic resistance

Answer 19

When bacteria develop immunity to antibiotics by mutations.

Question 20

Multi resistant bacteria

Answer 20

Not affected by antibiotics.

Question 21

Prokaryotes

Answer 21

Bacteria. Single celled, no nucleus or membrane bound organelles.

Question 22

4 stages of bacterial growth

Answer 22

1. Lag phase
2. Log phase
3. Stationary phase
4. Death phase

Question 23

Lag phase

Answer 23

Brief period of adaption by cells to the new conditions.

Bacteria producing necessary enzymes to digest nutrients.

Question 24

Log phase

Answer 24

Rapid period of growth
Few waste products being produced
Bacteria doubling every twenty minutes.

Question 25

Stationary phase

Answer 25

Rate of growth levels off Nutrients being used up Waste produced by bacteria is increasing Birth rate is equal to death

Question 26

Batch food processing

Answer 26

Fixed amount of nutrient added to bacteria in a bioreactor. Bacteria go through lag, log, stationary and death phases. Process stopped. Bioreactor emptied and sterilised so process can be repeated.

Question 27

Continuous flow food processing

Answer 27

Nutrients continuously added to the bioreactor. Bacteria and product continuously removed. Bacteria maintained at log stage. Conditions in bioreactor kept constant.