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LC bio > Food > Flashcards

Food Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Food is needed for

A

Energy

Growth and repair of cells

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2
Q

Food supplies materials for processes of

A
  1. Metabolism

2. Continuity

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3
Q

Food is made up of which 6 chemical elements

A 
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Sulfur
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4
Q

Made up of the salts of

A 
Sodium
Magnesium
Chlorine
Potassium
Calcium
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5
Q

3 trace elements

A

Iron
Copper
Zinc

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6
Q

6 diff components of food (nutrients)

A
  1. Proteins
  2. Lipids
  3. Carbohydrates
  4. Vitamins
  5. Minerals
  6. Water
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7
Q

Carbohydrates general structure

A

Cx(H2O)y

Carbon hydrogen oxygen

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8
Q

Three types of carbs

A 
Monosaccharides (enter system fast)
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides (enter system slowly)
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9
Q

Monosaccharides

A

Simple sugars
Water soluble
Taste sweet
Smallest carbohydrate unit

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10
Q

Monosaccharides are found in

A

Fruit

Example: glucose, fructose.

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11
Q

What is a disaccharide

A

2 monosaccharide sugars joined
Water soluble
Sweet

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12
Q

Examples of disaccharides

A

Sucrose, lactose, maltose

Found in milk and table sugar.

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13
Q

What is a polysaccharide

A

Many sugar molecules joined
Non-soluble in water
Don’t taste sweet

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14
Q

Polysaccharide examples

A

Starch, cellulose

Found in bread, pasta, cereals.

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15
Q

4 lipids

A

Fats- solid at room temp
Oils- liquid at room temp
Waxes- cover insect bodies + leaves
Steroids- Cholesterol, some sex hormones

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16
Q

Elemental composition of lipids

A

CHO

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17
Q

Types of lipids

A

Triglycerides

Phospholipids

18
Q

Triglyceride made up of?

A

Three fatty acids one glycerol.

19
Q

Phospholipids made up of

A

Made up of two fatty acids and one phosphate group.

20
Q

Sources of lipids

A

Meat (fat in and on)
Butter (80% fat)
Cooking oils.

21
Q

Protein elemental composition

A

CHON

22
Q

Protein is found in

A

Lean meat, fish, pulses, soya, eggs.

23
Q

Structure of protein

A

Made up of amino acids joined by peptide bonds which result in polypeptide chains.

24
Q

What are vitamins

A

Essential organic catalysts of metabolism

25
Q

Vitamin facts

A
  1. Needed in small amounts, cannot be produced in the body
  2. Must be supplied continuously in sufficient quantities
  3. Differ from each other chemically
26
Q

Water soluble

A

B,C

27
Q

Fat soluble

A

A, D, E, K

28
Q

What is an anabolic reaction

A

Where energy is used to make large molecules from smaller ones using enzymes.

29
Q

Example of an anabolic reaction

A

Photosynthesis .

Glucose molecules are formed from CO2 and water using enzymes and solar energy.

30
Q

Anabolism

A

Energy is absorbed

31
Q

What is a catabolic reaction

A

Where energy is released after large molecules are broken down to smaller ones using enzymes.

32
Q

Catabolic reaction example

A

Respiration

Glucose molecules are broken down by enzymes to form CO2. Water and energy are released.

33
Q

Catabolism

A

Energy is released.

34
Q

CRAP

A

Catabolic- respiration

Anabolic- photosynthesis.

35
Q

Vitamin C deficiency

A

Scurvy- soft bleeding gums and tooth decay.

36
Q

Vitamin D deficiency

A

Rickets in young kids - Bowlegs, softening of the spinal bones.
Osteomalacia in adults- Bones weaken as they lose calcium.

37
Q

Minerals used by plants

A

Calcium- make cell walls
Magnesium- make chlorophyll
Nitrates- make proteins
Phosphates- make ATP, DNA

38
Q

Animals use these minerals

A

Calcium- make bones and teeth
Iron- make haemoglobin pigment
Sodium- regulation of water content of cells and blood.

39
Q

Physical properties of water

A
  1. Slow to heat, slow to cool
  2. Good absorber of energy
  3. Participates in movement of dissolved material in and out of cells.
  4. Controls cell shape.
  5. Strong adhesive and cohesive properties
40
Q

Chemical properties of water

A
  1. Universal solvent
  2. Medium for metabolism
  3. Reactant/product in chemical resctions.
    (Photosynthesis, respiration, digestion)

LC bio (10 decks)

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