Food Flashcards
Food is needed for
Energy
Growth and repair of cells
Food supplies materials for processes of
- Metabolism
2. Continuity
Food is made up of which 6 chemical elements
Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Phosphorus Sulfur
Made up of the salts of
Sodium Magnesium Chlorine Potassium Calcium
3 trace elements
Iron
Copper
Zinc
6 diff components of food (nutrients)
- Proteins
- Lipids
- Carbohydrates
- Vitamins
- Minerals
- Water
Carbohydrates general structure
Cx(H2O)y
Carbon hydrogen oxygen
Three types of carbs
Monosaccharides (enter system fast) Disaccharides Polysaccharides (enter system slowly)
Monosaccharides
Simple sugars
Water soluble
Taste sweet
Smallest carbohydrate unit
Monosaccharides are found in
Fruit
Example: glucose, fructose.
What is a disaccharide
2 monosaccharide sugars joined
Water soluble
Sweet
Examples of disaccharides
Sucrose, lactose, maltose
Found in milk and table sugar.
What is a polysaccharide
Many sugar molecules joined
Non-soluble in water
Don’t taste sweet
Polysaccharide examples
Starch, cellulose
Found in bread, pasta, cereals.
4 lipids
Fats- solid at room temp
Oils- liquid at room temp
Waxes- cover insect bodies + leaves
Steroids- Cholesterol, some sex hormones
Elemental composition of lipids
CHO
Types of lipids
Triglycerides
Phospholipids
Triglyceride made up of?
Three fatty acids one glycerol.
Phospholipids made up of
Made up of two fatty acids and one phosphate group.
Sources of lipids
Meat (fat in and on)
Butter (80% fat)
Cooking oils.
Protein elemental composition
CHON
Protein is found in
Lean meat, fish, pulses, soya, eggs.
Structure of protein
Made up of amino acids joined by peptide bonds which result in polypeptide chains.
What are vitamins
Essential organic catalysts of metabolism
