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BacT JK > Mollicutes > Flashcards

Mollicutes Flashcards

1
Q

What are two characteristics of Mollicutes?

A

NO CELL WALL

Ubiquitous

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2
Q

What are three genera of Mollicutes?

A

Mycoplasma
Ureaplasma
Acholeplasma

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3
Q

What are clinical signs of non-hemotrphic Mollicutes?

A

Respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, arthritis, mastitis, conjuctivitis, septicemia

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4
Q

What are clinical signs of hemotrophic mollicutes?

A

Hemolytic anemia

Formerly: Haemobartonella and Eperythrozoon

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5
Q

T/F. Mollicutes are subclinical to severely debilitating or fatal diseases in many species.

A

True

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6
Q

Which of the following is INCORRECT about morphology of Mollicutes?

A. Very pleomorphic
B. Stain poorly
C. No cell wall
D. Big genome
E. Evolved from Clostridium-Streptococcus
A

D. Big genome

Correct: small genome (extremely plastic: plasmid, phage, and transposon components).

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7
Q

What are two genera that are included in Non-hemotrophic Mollicutes?

A

Ureaplasma

Mycoplasma

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of Non-hemotrophic Mollicutes?

A

Host specific (not exclusively), NOT zoonotic, grown on specialized axenic media.

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9
Q

Describe features of culture growth of non-hemotrphic mollicutes.

A

Slow, CO2 enriched at mammalian temp, “fried egg” colonies.

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10
Q

How are Non-hemotrophic Mollicutes transmitted?

A

DIRECT CONTACT (respiratory or venereal secretions), asymptomatic carriers, mechanical in dairies, vertical in poultry, arthropod.

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11
Q

Where do Non-hemotrophic Mollicutes reside normally?

A

THE HOST THEY INFECT, MUCOSAL SURFACES, moist/cool environments.

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12
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Non-hemotrophic Mollicutes?

A

Underlying factor (age, crowding, concurrent infections, stress) > Attachment to mucosal surface > inside non-phagocytic cells or fuse with cell membranes > Latent infection (immune system avoidance)

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13
Q

What are the possible end results of Non-hemotrophic Mollicutes pathogenesis (after latent infection)?

A

Acute septicemic forms: coagulopathy, vascular thrombosis (resemble gram negative septicemia).
Chronic infection related to persistence in face or inflammatory response > TISSUE DAMAGE

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14
Q

What are the virulence factors of Non-hemotrophic Mollicutes?

A

Peroxie/Superoxide (disrupt host cell integrity), Urease (Ureaplasma, inflammatory and increases pH), proinflammatory molecules, IgA proteases.

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15
Q

T/F. Leftover and excessive antigens are pro-inflammatory molecules of Non-hemotrophic Mollicutes. Only humoral response is activated so Mycoplasma downregulates the system.

A

False. Everything is true except BOTH humoral and cell mediated responses are activated.

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16
Q

What are the species of Avian mycoplasmosis?

A

Mycoplasma gallisepticum in chickens and turkeys
Mycoplasma synoviae in turkeys
Mycoplasma meleagridis and M. iowae in turkeys

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17
Q

What are the clinical signs of Mycoplasma gallisepticum?

A

Chronic respiratory disease (chickens), infectious sinusitis (turkeys), decreased egg production, conjuctivitis.

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18
Q

What are clinical signs of Mycoplasma synoviae?

A

Synovitis (lameness, joint swelling, reduced growth), sternal bursitis (turkeys), subclinical airsacculitis.

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19
Q

What are the clinical signs of M. meleagridis and M. iowae in turkeys?

A

Airsacculitis, skeletal deformities, growth stunting, decreased egg hatchability.

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20
Q

T/F. Avian Mycoplasmosis is reportable in UK but not in the US.

A

False. Reportable in US.

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21
Q

T/F. Avian Mycoplasmosis is important economically.

A

True

22
Q

What disease does Mycoplasma mycoides ssp. mycoides cause?

A

Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP)

23
Q

Which Mycoplasma species is the most virulent in cattle?

A

Mycoplasma mycoides ssp. mycoides (small colony variant)

24
Q

What are the clinical signs for Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP)?

A

Respiratory disease (subclinical and persistent, acute or fatal presentation, distress, coughing, nasal discharge, lethargy).

25
Q

Which species of Mycoplasma cause Mycoplasma mastitis?

A

Mycoplasma BOVIS, M. californicum, M. canadense

26
Q

What are the clinical symptoms of mycoplasma mastitis?

A

Drop in milk production, udder can be swollen and 4 quarters can be affected, milk becomes thick and intermixed with watery and purulent secretions.
(Disseminated infection can follow).

27
Q

Which Mycoplasma species cause urogenital tract infections in Bovine?

A

Mycoplasma bovigenitalium, ureaplasma diversum.

28
Q

What are the symptoms of urogenital tract infections cause by mycoplasma?

A

Bulls: seminal vesiculitis
Cows: granular vulvitis, vaginitis, endometritis, abortions.

29
Q

T/F. Mycoplasma bovigenitalium and Ureplasma diversum usually reside in moist environment.

A

False.

Normal commensal organisms of the lower urogenital tract.

30
Q

Which Mycoplasma species cause Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia? What are the clinical signs?

A 
M. capricolum subsp. Capripnemoniae.
Respiratory disease (similar to CBPP)
31
Q

Which Mycoplasma species cause Contagious Agalactia of sheep and goats? What are the clinical signs?

A

M. agalactiae and M. putrefaciens.

Febrile mastitis, arthritis and conjuctivitis.

32
Q

T/F. Only Contagious Caprine pleuropneumonia is the reportable disease in the USA out of Mycoplasma causing diseases in sheep and goats.

A

Fase.

Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia and Contagious Agalactia of sheep and goats.

33
Q

T/F. Mycoplasma mycoides ssp. mycoides cause mastitis, pneumonia, bursitis and arthritis in adults and rapid fatal septicemia in kids of goats and sheep.

A

True.

34
Q

T/F. M. mycoides ssp. capri does not cause disease in sheep and goats.

A

False.

Pleuropneumonia.

35
Q

What are the three species of Mycoplasma that cause diseases in Porcine?

A

M. hyopneumoniae, M. hyorihinis, M. hyosynoviae.

36
Q

Which species of Mycoplasma causes Porcine Enzootic Pneumonia? What are the clinical signs?

A

M. hyopneumoniae.
Non-productive cough, unthrifty appearance, decreased weight gain.
Chronic respiratory disease.

37
Q

T/F. Low morbidity and low mortality for Porcine Enzootic Penumonia.

A

False.

High morbidity and low mortality.

38
Q

What does Mycoplasma hyorhinis in porcine cause? Which age group does it target?

A

Polyserositis (fever, anorexia, listelessness, arthritis, lameness).
Systemic infection in young pigs (3-10 wks).

39
Q

What is the clinical sign that M. hyosynoviae causes? What is its age target group?

A

Lameness.

Arthritis in growing pigs (3-6 months).

40
Q

What are the diagnosis for Non-hemotrophic Mollicutes?

A

Collect samples from affected tissues, culture (difficult), SEROLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR!

41
Q

How can you prevent Non-hemotrphic Mollicutes?

A

Attenuated live vaccines - Diminish disease but not infection, protect cattle in CBPP in enzootic areas, can be used in other species as well.

42
Q

What are treatments for Non-hemotrophic Mollicutes?

A

Antibiotics (some resistance), high failure rates.

Susceptibility not routinely checked.

43
Q

What is the most effective control for Non-hemotrophic Mollicutes?

A

TEST AND SLAUGHTER! BIOSECURITY!

44
Q

T/F. Non-hemotrophic Mollicutes are RBC parasites.

A

False. HEMOTROPHIC Mollicutes are!

45
Q

What do hemotrophic Mollicutes cause in young, immunocomprommised, or stressed animals?

A

Hemolytic anemia

asymptomatic or subclinical

46
Q

Which species of Mycoplasma cause FELINE INFECTIOUS ANEMIA?

A

M. haemofelis

47
Q

What are the clinical signs caused by Hemotrophic Mollicutes?

A

ICterus, splenomegaly, bone marrow hyperplasia.

48
Q

What are diagnosis for Hemotrophic Mollicutes?

A

Clinical signs, organisms in blood films, PCR.

49
Q

What are treatments for Hemotrophic Mollicutes?

A

Correct the anemia!

Tetracycline

50
Q

What are the three forms (duration) that Feline Infectious Anemia can cause? What are some clinical signs? Treatment?

A

Peracute, ACUTE, chronic.
Fever, anemia, weakness, jaundice.
Treatment: Blood, doxycycline, flea control

51
Q

Who is the primary host of Mycoplasma haemofelis? How is it transmitted?

A

Free roaming tom cats.

Arthropod vector.

52
Q

What are Mollicutes? What does it mean?

A

Smallest self-replicating organisms.

“Soft skin”.

BacT JK (10 decks)

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