Campylobacter and Arcobacter Flashcards
What are some characteristics of Family Campylobateriaceae?
Small, gram negative, curved rods (S-shaped or GULL WINGS in pairs; Spirals when in chains), no spores, polar flagellum at one or both ends.
Which organs are affected by Campylobacteriaceae?
Reproductive and Intestinal tract
T/F. Campylobacter: There are 25 recognized species and all of them are pathogenic to animals and humans.
False.
There are 23 recognized species and several are significant pathogens of animals and humans.
Which species of Campylobacter are the leading causes of food-borne bacterial gastroenteritis in humans?
C. jejuni and C. coli
What are the sources of C. jejuni and C. coli?
Uncooked/undercooked contaminated food (meat/POULTRY).
Unpasteurized milk.
Contaminated water (These species can survive in water for a long time)
T/F. C. fetus and its subspecies were originally classified as mycoplasma.
False. Vibrio! (infections are called Vibriosis)
What are cellular products of Campylobacteriaeceae?
Cell wall (LPS), Capsule (highly variable, useful for serotyping, shields LOS of C. jejuni), Adhesins (CadF in C. jejuni and C. coli), Flagella, Cytolethal Distending Toxin (CDT), T2SS, T4SS
T/F. C. jejuni has a long O-antigen chains for serum resistance. C. fetus does not > shorter (LOS: lipo-oligosaccharide). LOS is variable depending on location (intestine vs. blood, mammal vs. avian).
False.
C. jejuni does not > shorter
C. fetus has a long O-antigen chains
Everything else is true.
T/F. LPS of Campylobacter is not as immunoreactive as the Enterobacteriaceae LPS.
True.
What are four growth characteristics of Campylobacter?
Microaerobic (3-10% O2, 3-15% CO2), Temperature, Oxidase-positive (do not oxidize or ferment sugars), Serotyping (molecular methods, LPS antigens have been used).
What happens if there are mutations in the flagellin genes of Campylobacter?
Abolish motility, prevent secretion of Cia (Campylobacter invasion antigen) > impeding cell invasion.
What does Cytolethal Distending Toxin (CDT) do?
Causes apoptosis of host cells.
Produced by most Campylobacter species and ONLY toxin produced in the genus.
What is the difference between T2SS and T4SS?
T2SS: binds free DNA for genomic or plasmid incorporation and replication; “natural competence”.
T4SS: A genetic transfer role particular for virulence of C. fetus ssp. venerealis in the bovine reproductive tract.
What are some factors that are related to temperature (growth characteristic) of Campylobacter?
All species grow at 37C (C. jejni, C. coli can grow at 42C).
No growth below 30C.
Killed by freeze/thaw cycles (may remain viable if chilled in organic material: feces, meat, milk).
Who are the reservoirs of C. fetus ssp. venerealis?
Preputial crypts of carrier bulls (beef cattle: asymptomatic), few cows (persistent vaginal carriers).