molecules of life

Question 1

what are the parts of a cells structure?

Answer 1

cell wall
nucleus
cytoplasm
mitochondria (in cytoplasm)
ribosomes (in cytoplasm)

Question 2

why do we have mitochondria ?

Answer 2

because this is where respiration happens

Question 3

what does the number of mitochondria in a cytoplasm depend on?

Answer 3

the activity level of the cell. high activity levels mean more energy is needed and therefore more respiration needs to happen so more mitochondria are needed

Question 4

what types of cells have lots of mitochondria?

Answer 4

liver and muscle

Question 5

which is smaller;
> mitochondria
> ribosomes?

Answer 5

ribosomes, they cant even be seen under a light microscope

Question 6

what happens in ribosomes?

Answer 6

protein symthesis

Question 7

what happens in ribosomes?

Answer 7

protein synthesis

Question 8

what does the nucleus store?

Answer 8

Genes

Question 9

what is a gene?

Answer 9

a chain of chromosomes

Question 10

what is a chromosome?

Answer 10

a chain of DNA

Question 11

what does DNA do?

Answer 11

codes for proteins (including enzymes)

Question 12

what shape is DNA stored as?

Answer 12

a double helix

Question 13

what makes the backbone of the DNA?

Answer 13

its a sugar/phosphate backbone

Question 14

what makes a base made of

Answer 14

they’re nitrogenous bases

Question 15

what are the bases called?

Answer 15

A - adenine
C - cytosine
G - guanine
T - thymine

Question 16

are the bases on their own?

Answer 16

no they’re always in complimentary bases.
A - T
C - G

Question 17

where are proteins made

Answer 17

in the cytoplasm

Question 18

how did the DNA needed to make proteins get moved from the nucleus to the cytoplasm?

Answer 18

the double helix is unwound and unzipped and mRNA comes and matches to its complimentary bases on the to halves of DNA. the two strings of mRNA then detach the DNA and attach to each other creating an identical gene.

Question 19

what are the complimentary bases for DNA and mRNA?

Answer 19

A - U
T - T
C - G
G - C
(there is no T in mRNA only a U)

Question 20

where are proteins made

Answer 20

in the ribosomes in the cytoplasm

Question 21

how did the DNA needed to make proteins get moved from the nucleus to the cytoplasm?

Answer 21

the double helix is unwound and unzipped and mRNA comes and matches to its complimentary bases on on of the to halves of the unwound DNA. the chain of mRNA then detach the DNA identical DNA chain. it the leaves the nucleus and goes to the ribosomes

Question 22

what happens to the mRNA at the ribosomes?

Answer 22

Amino acids attach in groups of three creating a chain of amino acids called a protein.

Question 23

what is this process called?

Answer 23

protein synthesis

Question 24

what does the m in mRNA stand for?

Answer 24

messenger

Question 25

what does the m in mRNA stand for?

Answer 25

messenger

Question 26

is this statement true:

DNA controls which protein is made and cells can “ turn off” parts of DNA so that specific proteins are made?

Answer 26

yes

Question 27

is this statement true:

DNA controls which protein is made and cells can “ turn off” parts of DNA so that specific proteins are made?

Answer 27

yes