Molecules of Life

Question 1

When covalent bonds form between atoms, electrons are shared…

Answer 1

Equally to form a nonpolar covalent bond or unequally to form a polar covalent bond

Question 2

Ionic bonds:

Answer 2

Electrons are not shared but completely transferred. Forms ions which are positive or negative

Question 3

water is?

Answer 3

Polar

Question 4

Polar molecules

Answer 4

interact with water’s partial charge and stays in solution (Hydrophilic)

Question 5

Examples of complex molecules

Answer 5

proteins and nucleic acids

Question 6

Complex molecules are…

Answer 6

Polymers made up of single sub-units which are called Monomers

Question 7

Uncharged and nonpolar molecules

Answer 7

Don’t interact with water (doesn’t dissolve). Hydrophobic

Question 8

Polymers being built up

Answer 8

Condensation reaction

Question 9

Polymers being broken apart

Answer 9

Hydrolysis reaction

Question 10

condensation reaction

Answer 10

monomer in, water out

Question 11

hydrolysis reaction

Answer 11

water in, monomer out

Question 12

Proteins

Answer 12

polymers of amino acid monomers

Question 13

Amino Acid structure

Answer 13

All have the same general structure but the R or side chain can be nonpolar, polar, or charged (variable)

Question 14

Completed proteins

Answer 14

complex 3D folded structures, essential for how they function

Question 15

Carbohydrates

Answer 15

(‘sugars’) are polymers of monosaccharides (monomers)

Question 16

few monomers of carbohydrates

Answer 16

oligosaccharides

Question 17

many monomers of carbohydrates

Answer 17

polysaccharides

Question 18

monosaccharides consist of

Answer 18

C = O: carbonyl group
- OH: hydroxyl group
C - H: carbon-hydrogen bonds

Question 19

Granulated sugar

Answer 19

disaccharide of glucose and fructose

Question 20

Lipids

Answer 20

carbon-containing compounds that are (largely) non-polar and hydrophobic

Question 21

Triglycerides

Answer 21

(fats) are composed of three fatty acids linked to a three-C glycerol molecule

Question 22

Amphipathic

Answer 22

has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic elements

Question 23

Phospholipids

Answer 23

2 fatty acids + glycerol + phosphate. They self-organize forming micelles or bilayers in aqueous solutions (plasma membrane)

Question 24

Unsaturated

Answer 24

double carbon bond causes a kink