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BISC 101 Mid1 > Cells Structure and Function > Flashcards

Cells Structure and Function Flashcards

Lecture 2

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1
Q

Both eukaryotes and prokaryotes have

A

plasma membrane, cytoplasm, genetic material, ribosomes
+ cytoskeleton (maybe membrane-bound organelles)

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2
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

network of fibres - organizes internal structure and activities in cell

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3
Q

gap/tight junctions

A

connections between cells that coordinate cell activities

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4
Q

Prokaryote

A

single, circular chromosome in non-membrane bound nucleoid. Have 1-100 small plasmids and a tough fibrous cell wall

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5
Q

chromosome location

A

nucleus

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6
Q

why such complex compartmentalization

A

attachment of membrane-bound proteins
imcompatible reactions can be separated
chemical processes more efficient
active transport of organelles more rapid

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7
Q

nucleus structure

A

envelope openings called nuclear pores. Contains chromosomes, nucleolus, and nuclear lamina

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8
Q

nucleus function

A

information storage and transmission. Ribosome subunit assembly. Structural support

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9
Q

ribosomes components

A

complex of RNA and proteins

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10
Q

ribosomes function

A

protein synthesis

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11
Q

rough ER structure

A

network of branching sacs with ribosomes attached. Contains receptors for entry of selected proteins

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12
Q

rough ER function

A

protein synthesis and processing

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13
Q

smooth ER structure

A

contains enzymes for synthesizing phospholipids. Network of branching sacs. Enzymes break down lipids

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14
Q

smooth ER function

A

lipid synthesis and processing

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15
Q

Golgi Body structure

A

contains receptors for products of rough ER. Stack of flattened, distinct cisternae

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16
Q

Golgi Body function

A

protein, lipid, and carbohydrate processing

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17
Q

lysosomes structure

A

contains proton pumps. Acid hydrolases

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18
Q

lysosomes function

A

digestion and recycling

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19
Q

vacuoles structure

A

contains transporters for selected molecules

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20
Q

vacuoles function

A

storage, digestion, and recycling

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21
Q

peroxisomes function

A

oxidation of fatty acids, ethanol, or other compounds

22
Q

peroxisomes structure

A

contains transporters for selected macromolecules. Enzymes that catalyze oxidation reactions

23
Q

Mitochondria function

A

ATP production

23
Q

Mitochondria structure

A

inner membrane contains enzymes for ATP production. Enzymes that harvest energy from molecules to make ATP

24
Q

chloroplasts function

A

production of sugars via photosynthesis

24
Q

chloroplasts structure

A

membrane-bound sacs in interior. Enzymes that use light energy to make sugars

25
Q

cytoskeleton structure

A

Actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules

26
Q

cytoskeleton function

A

structural support; movement of materials; in some species, movement of whole cell

27
Q

plasma membrane structure

A

phospholipid bilayer with transport and receptor proteins

28
Q

plasma membrane function

A

selectively permeability maintains intracellular environment

29
Q

cell wall structure

A

carbohydrate fibres running through carbohydrate or protein matrix

30
Q

cell wall function

A

protection and structural support

31
Q

chromatin

A

complex of DNA and proteins

32
Q

nucleolus

A

site of manufacture of rRNA and assembly of large and small ribosomal sub-units

33
Q

nuclear envelope

A

two lipid bilayers supported by a lattice-like sheet called the nuclear lamina

34
Q

organelles with a double membrane

A

nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts

35
Q

nuclear pores function

A

regulate entry and exit of stuff. Example, mRNA moves out, building blocks of DNA, rRNA and enzymes that work inside the nucleus move in

36
Q

endomembrane system function

A

regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions

37
Q

free ribosomes function

A

make proteins that function in the cell

38
Q

ER-attached ribosomes function

A

make proteins for export in membrane bound vesicles (secretion)

39
Q

different membrane of the mitochondria

A

outer membrane is smooth
inner membrane is folded into cristae to increase surface area

40
Q

cytoskeleton provides what

A

provides tracks for motor proteins to carry transport vesicles around the cell

41
Q

Cell motility

A

organization of microtubules in a eukaryotic cell with kinesin and dynein motor proteins

42
Q

cilia and flagella movement

A

utilise microtubules and a motor protein (dynein) to move the whole cell

43
Q

9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules for cilia and flagella

A

9 microtubule pairs (doublets) + 2 central microtubules

44
Q

what are the microtubules anchored by?

A

the basal body and are connected by spokes or links. Rather than sliding they bend

45
Q

what provides the force required for movement of cilia and flagella

A

1) doublet microtubules are connected by dynein
2) beating requires ATP
3) ATP changes the shape of dynein allowing it to walk along the adjacent microtubule
Causes the adjacent microtubules to slide past each other

46
Q

multi-cellularity requires?

A

connections between cells

47
Q

desmosomes

A

function like rivets binding adjacent cytoskeletons

48
Q

tight junctions

A

form watertight seals in cells that form barriers

49
Q

gap junctions

A

provide cytoplasmic channels from one cell to another

BISC 101 Mid1 (7 decks)

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