Molecules

Question 0

Monosaccharides

Answer 0

It's a class of carbohydrates. 
Has a back bone of in branches carbon atoms.

Question 1

Carbohydrates

Answer 1

Can’t have an odd number of hydrogens

Must have an aldehyde or a ketone, or two or more alcohol functional group

Question 2

What constitutes a L or D isomer

Answer 2

If the hydroxyl group is on the left it’s L, if the hydroxyl group is on the right it’s D

Question 3

Which carbon is the reference carbon?

Answer 3

The chiral carbon which is most distant from the carbonyl carbon

Question 4

What AA do we have and what sugars

Answer 4

L-AA and D-sugar

Question 5

If you use a Benedict’s reagent and it turns brick red, what does that mean?

Answer 5

That a hemiketal or hemiacetal group is present.

Question 6

What does a hemiacetal derive from? A hemiketal?

Answer 6

Aldehyde and ketone respectively.

Question 7

Polysaccharides

Answer 7

Starch and glycogen. Important for storage.

Question 8

Starch

Answer 8

Good food reserve for plants, major carbohydrate source for humans.
Starts being broken down in mouth with salivary amylase

Question 9

Glycogen

Answer 9

Storage polysaccharide located in skeletal muscle and liver tissue

Question 10

Lipids

Answer 10

Can be fatty acids
Triacylglycerols
Glycerophospholipids 
Shipngolipids
Cholesterol

Question 11

Triacylglycerols are usually found where? What do they do?

Answer 11

Within adipocytes. Neutral fats that serve as storage depots for fuel in metabolism

Question 12

Which have a higher melting point, saturated or unsaturated fats?

Answer 12

Saturated the kink decreases the can see Waals interaction

Question 13

Glycerophospholipids

Answer 13

They are amphiphilic and are usually just called phospholipids

Question 14

Sphingolipids

Answer 14

Usually based of alcohol not glycerol also becomes sphingomyelin. Which is used in myelin sheaths

Question 15

Cholesterol

Answer 15

Synthesized in the cytosol.
Major constituent of PMs in EU
Intermediate in biosynthesis of all human steroids
Slightly amphiphilic

Question 16

What are 5 steroid hormones?

Answer 16

Progesterones
Glucocorticoids 
Mineralocorticoids
Androgens
Estrogens

Question 17

Progesterone function

Answer 17

Prepares uterine lining for implantation of an ovum. It’s necessary fir the endometrial lining and maintaining pregnancy

Question 18

Cortisol

Answer 18

Secreted from cells from the adrenal cortex.

Liver- cortisol increases both glycogen synthesis and gluconeogenesis

Skeletal muscle- decreases glucose uptake and protein synthesis.

Question 19

Aldosterone

Answer 19

Released from adrenal cortex
Increased reapportion of sodium at the level of the kidney, intestines, salivary and sweat glands

Increases ECF fluid and that increases blood volume which in turn increase blood volume, BP and blood flow

Question 20

Testosterone

Answer 20

Synthesized in the male leydig cells.
Aids in sperm maturation
Important for creating secondary characteristics.

Question 21

Estradiol

Answer 21

Primary estrogen in women and it’s made in the theca cells of the ovarian follicles