Eukaryotic Cells

Question 0

Centromere

Answer 0

The center of a chromosome

Question 1

Nucleus

Answer 1

Contains genome surrounded by nuclear envelope. Within replication splicing and transcription occurs

Question 2

Telomeres

Answer 2

The ends of chromosomes, which have repeats

Question 3

Telomerase

Answer 3

Maintains the the telomeres during dna replication

Question 4

Locus

Answer 4

Location of a chromosome

Question 5

What affects the expression of genes on a chromosome

Answer 5

Depends on the promoter region and the enchanter elements. Also the location or locus plays a part

Question 6

Heterochromatin

Answer 6

Area of the chromosome where it is incredible dense. It’s usually not active and the genes are inaccessible

Question 7

Euchromatin

Answer 7

Not as densely packed areas compared to heterochromatin

Question 8

Nucleolus

Answer 8

Region of the nucleus with no membrane departing it from the nucleus so it is a ribosome factory

Question 9

Nuclear envelope

Answer 9

Has two lipid bilayers. The outer membrane is contiguous with ER lumen. It has nuclear pores which allow molecules smaller than 60kda in

Question 10

Nuclear localization sequence

Answer 10

Larger protons have a specific AA sequence that allow it to get into the nucleus. For example proteins made in the ribosomes of the cytoplasm

Question 11

How does RNA leave the nucleus?

Answer 11

Via a specific transport system with a localization sequence

Question 12

What are amino actor tRNA syntheses for?

Answer 12

For AA to attach to their respective tRNAs within the cytoplasm

Question 13

Why is the inner membrane important for within the mitochondria?

Answer 13

It’s the site if the ETC, ATP synthase, and it’s the site of the proton gradient. It’s also impermeable

Question 14

Outer membrane of mitochondria?

Answer 14

Smooth and allows for passage of small molecules

Question 15

What kind if DNA does mitochondria have?

Answer 15

Single circular DNA much like prokaryote DNA

Question 16

maternal inheritance is

Answer 16

Means mitochondria is inherited from the mother

Question 17

Where are the proteins that encode for the ETC located

Answer 17

They’re located in the mitochondria also mitochondria DNA encodes for those proteins

Question 18

Why is the rough ER rough

Answer 18

Because of the large amount of ribosomes on the surface it’s important for protein synthesis and the lets proteins go to the secretory pathway

Question 19

Smooth ER

Answer 19

No protein synthesis but contains proteins for steroid hormones and degradation of environmental toxins

Question 20

Where do all proteins get translated

Answer 20

On the rough ER

Question 21

What are localization signals for

Answer 21

For proteins that are going to the mitochondria nucleus or peroxisome

Question 22

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus

Answer 22

Modification of proteins made in RER sorting and sending proteins to the correct destinations
synthesizing macromolecules like polysaccharide

Question 23

What is the direction of flow in the Golgi

Answer 23

ER – C I S – medial – trans. They leave the transport vesicles from the trans

Question 24

Lysosomes function

Answer 24

Responsible for the degradation of biological macromolecules by hydrolysis Made in the RER are modified by the golgi released from the trans

Question 25

Phagocytosis

Answer 25

Degradation of large particles

Question 26

Macrophages

Answer 26

Made by the immune system to engulf bacteria and viruses

Question 27

Peroxisome

Answer 27

Produce peroxides Produce hydrogen peroxide as a byproduct Necessary for lipid breakdown which are fats Are important for the liver for detox