Molecular Genetics Flashcards
Griffith
mice, bacteria strains
Avery
figured out the transforming factor was DNA
Hershey and Chase
used bacteriophages to support previous claims
Watson and Crick
structure of DNA
Chargaff
base pairing rules (C-G, etc)
What 3 things make up nucleotides?
- Five-carbon sugar (deoxyribose)
- Phosphate group
- Nitrogenous base
How many amino acids are there?
20 different kinds
Helicase
unwind, unzip DNA, break hydrogen bonds
Topoisomerase
relaxes DNA; loosen it up
RNA primase
10 RNA bases
DNA polymerase
add new nucleotides, proofread bases, fix minor errors (same)
RNA polymerase
add new nucleotides, proofread bases, fix minor errors (same)
DNA ligase
connections okazaki fragments
Semiconservative
saves 1/2 the DNA
Transcription
converting from DNA to RNA
Translation
decoding DNA’s message to make proteins
DNA vs RNA
-DNA is double stranded
-RNA is single stranded
-DNA base called thymine
-RNA base called uracil
-DNA deoxyribose sugar
-RNA ribose sugar
mRNA
carries DNA message
tRNA
carries amino acids
rRNA
makes ribosomes
Amino acids are the building blocks of ____?
proteins
Types of mutations
Frameshift:
-Addition/insertion
-Deletion
Nonsense: early stop codon
Missense (substitution)- change in amino acid
Silent: no change
