Inheritance

Question 1

How many chromosomes does a somatic cell have?

Answer 1

46 chromosomes

Question 2

How many chromosomes does a sperm or egg cell (gamete) have?

Answer 2

23 each (23+23=46)

Question 3

What are different versions of genes called?

Answer 3

Alleles

Question 4

A polygenic (many genes) trait is..

Answer 4

-Influenced by two or more genes
-Traits that have many genes that control them (Gregor Mendel’s flaw)

Question 5

How did Gregor Mendel study genetics? What did he use to see the results?

Answer 5

He did experiments with pea plants to figure out the laws of segregation, independent assortment, and dominance.

Question 6

Phenotype

Answer 6

Physical attributes: colors, percentage, male or female, if they have something or not, etc.

Question 7

Genotype

Answer 7

Genetic information: homozygous, heterozygous, dominant, recessive, percentage.

Question 8

Homozygous

Answer 8

YY, yy

Question 9

Heterozygous

Answer 9

Yy

Question 10

Law of Segregation

Answer 10

When an organism makes gametes, each gamete receives just one gene copy, which is selected randomly.

Question 11

Law of Dominance

Answer 11

Recessive traits are always dominated or masked by the dominant trait

Question 12

Law of Independent Assortment

Answer 12

The allele a gamete receives for one gene does not influence the allele received for another gene.

Each gene is inherited independently of each other. 9:3:3:1

Question 13

Sex-linked traits vs. autosomal traits

Answer 13

23rd chromosome vs. first 22 chromosomes

Question 14

Multiple alleles

Answer 14

Multiple Alleles are three or more possible alleles for one individual trait.

Exception of Mendel’s rule (ex. blood types)

Question 15

Karyotype- how is it organized?

Answer 15

An individuals complete set of chromosomes

Ordered from largest to smallest, the first 22 are not sex-linked

Question 16

Pedigrees

Answer 16

Shows how genes are passed down from generations.
Circle- female
Square- male
Colored- affected

Family Trees, Autosomal v. Sex linked (father - son relationship), Recessive v. Dominant (skip a generation)

Question 17

Exocytosis

Answer 17

Exit out of the cytoplasm Active transport: against concentration gradient (low to high)

Question 18

Incomplete dominance

Answer 18

Colors can mix (ex. red radish and white radish make purple radish)

Question 19

Codominance

Answer 19

An inheritance pattern where two alleles are expressed equally, and neither allele is dominant or recessive