Molecular Building Blocks

Question 1

Living organisms

Answer 1

• One or more cells
• Capable of reproduction
• Responding to the environment
• Adapting and changing (& inheritance and so has nuclei acids)
• Require a source of energy
• Growth and development

Question 2

Chemicals

Answer 2

Atoms are the simplest level.
Two or more atoms comprise a molecule.
Macromolecules are large, biologically important molecules inside cells.

Question 3

Single Cell Life

Answer 3

Bacteria/Simple Fungi, Amoeba Interact with environment

Question 4

Multicellular

Answer 4

Interact with environment
Cell specialisation
Tissues
Intercellular communication Differentiation
(Or can be a multicellular sponge of cells)

Question 5

Macromolecules

Answer 5

Have osmotic, structural, optical and any magic functions
Structures of macromolecules are heterogenous (many different kinds)

Question 6

Examples of macromolecules

Answer 6

Haemoglobin
DNA
Glycogen
Rhodopsin
Collagen

Question 7

Water

Answer 7

Universal solvent

Polar (distributional imbalance of charge)

Hydrogen bonding

Liquid over range 0-100

Achieves max density at 4 degrees celcius

Good at dissolving ionic and polar compounds (diagram on slide)

Question 8

Hydrogen bonds

Answer 8

On slide 12

Question 9

Water does not interact with…

Answer 9

Non-polar substances
Lipids
Aromatic groups

^Hydrophobic compounds

Question 10

Carbohydrates

Answer 10

Monosaccharides • Disaccharides
Oligosaccharides (a few sugars) • Polysaccharides

Question 11

Monosaccharides

Answer 11

• Chain of carbons, hydroxyl groups, at least one carbonyl group
• An Aldose has an aldehyde (C 1)
• A Ketose has a ketone (mostly C 2)

Question 12

Cyclised (ring) structures

Answer 12

By reaction of the aldehyde or ketone groups with a hydroxyl group of the same molecule, monosaccharides generally exist as ring structures