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IMMS > Histology- Epithelia > Flashcards

Histology- Epithelia Flashcards

1
Q

Epithelia is categorised by

A

The number of layers of cells within them

The shapes of the cells

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2
Q

Simple Epithelia

A

Epithelia with a single layer of cells on a basement membrane

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3
Q

Stratified (compound) epithelia

A

Two or more layers of cells on a basement membrane

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4
Q

Pseudo- stratified epithelia

A

Look as if they have more than one layer of cells but they don’t actually

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5
Q

Cell junctions

A

Used by epithelial cells to hold onto their neighbours

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6
Q

Basement membrane

A

Important part of epithelial but not visible using light microscopy using H&E staining

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7
Q

Epithelia

A

Epithelia comprise a cohesive sheet of cells, with one or more layers, resting on a basement membrane.

-Found on edges of us-

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8
Q

Epithelia forms barriers for

A

Protection – e.g. skin

Absorption – e.g. gut

Secretion – e.g. pancreas

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9
Q

Simple squamous epithelium

A

Single layer of flattened plate-like cells on a basement membrane

Parallel oval nuclei (1 per cell)- Nucleus is the thickest part of the cel

Lines inside of blood vessels (endothelium), outside of lungs (mesothelium) and abdominal organs (peritoneum)

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10
Q

Simple squamous epithelium inside a blood vessel

A

Endothelium

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11
Q

Simple squamous epithelium lining the chest cavity and abdominal cavity

A

Peritoneum membrane

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12
Q

Simple squamous epithelium outside of lungs in alveoli- form the barrier between the blood and the air

Useful for this function as the cytoplasm is very thin

A

Mesothelium

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13
Q

Simple cuboidal epithelium

A

Single layer of cells with similar height and width on a basement membrane

Central spherical nuclei (1 per cell)

Line kidney tubules, small ducts

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14
Q

Simple cuboidal epithelium

A

Single layer of cells with similar height and width on a basement membrane

Central spherical nuclei (1 per cell)

Line kidney tubules, small ducts

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15
Q

Simple columnar epithelium

A

Single layer of cells taller than they are wide, on a basement membrane

Line the stomach, intestines and uterus

May or may not have cilia or microvilli

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16
Q

Cillia on surface of columnar epithelium

A

Move material across the surface of the epithelium

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17
Q

Microvilli on columnar epithelium

A

Increase surface area for absorption

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18
Q

Microvilli

A

Microscopic projections on luminal surface of absorptive cells

Increase surface area to allow absorption of water and nutrients to take place

Intestinal brush border

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19
Q

Cilia- longer than microvilli

A

Microscopic motile projections on luminal surface of cells

Contain contractile proteins that allows these to rhythmically beat.

The coordinated movement of cilia wafts whatever materials is on its surface of the epithelium across it all in the same direction

20
Q

Cillia found…

A

Respiratory tract

Reproductive tract

21
Q

Features of stratified epithelia

A

Protective function

Many layers of cells

Continually being worn down, worn-away cells replaced from below

22
Q

Location of stratified epithelia

A

Found at sites subject to abrasive forces (frictional forces)

E.g.
mouth involves eating, speaking
Vagina and cervix
Oesophagus

23
Q

Where do cells start their life?

A

Resting against the basement membrane (so near the basement membrane they are quite immature)

24
Q

How do cells move up from the basement membrane?

A

As the cells develop they are pushed up by new cells forming underneath them towards the surface of the epithelium where there is a continuous loss of cells

So there is continuous replenishment of the epithelium from the basement membrane upwards

25
Q

What does keratin do?

A

Helps to waterproof the epithelium

Helps to ensure that when we are in a hot environment all the body does not just pass out through the skin in an uncontrolled way.

Found on skin

26
Q

Stratified squamous non-keratinising epithelium in the OESOPHAGUS

A

Cells start their lives at the bottom, from the basement membrane and as they mature they flatten out and become squames

27
Q

Stratified squamous non-keratinising epithelium in the VAGINA

A

The epithelial cells tend to accumulate glycogen at various points in the menstrual cycle, giving the cytoplasm the pale appearance

28
Q

Stratified squamous non- keratinising epithelium

A

Multiple layer of cells on a basement membrane

Mature surface layers are plate-like squames

Lines the mouth, oropharynx, oesophagus, vagina

29
Q

Stratified squamous keratinising epithelium

A

Multiple layer of cells on a basement membrane

Mature surface layers are plate-like squames

Waterproof layer of keratin

Skin

30
Q

On the basement membrane of the keratinising epithelium lies…

A

Cells from the basement membrane and as they mature they flatten out and become squames

As the cells mature they accumulate the protein keratin within the cytoplasm

31
Q

As keratin accumulates in the cytoplasm of the cells,

A

The cells die, leaving dead flat plates of keratin

32
Q

Pseudostratified epithelium

A

Single layer of cells of variable height, mimicking multiple layers on a basement membrane

All cells in contact with basement membrane

Nuclei are at different heights within the cells, closer t or further away from the basement membrane

Lines the conducting airways- have Cillia

33
Q

Urothelium is specialised stratified epithelium

A

Breaks the rules – looks stratified, probably is stratified, but:
Surface layer of umbrella cells

Cells between umbrella cels appear 3-7 layers this and this layer is pseudostratified

Sometimes called transitional epithelium

Lines the collection part of the urinary tract: bladder, ureters and renal pelvis

34
Q

Basement membrane

A

Always present – usually cannot see it in H&E stained sections

Infer presence – difference between epithelium and underlying connective tissue

35
Q

We can stain the basement membrane using

A

PAS- periodic acid shift

Stains membrane magenta

36
Q

What is the basement membrane made of?

A

Composed of several extra-cellular proteins including Collagen IV and Fibronectin

37
Q

Function of basement membrane

A

Essential for the proper functioning and survival of the epithelium

If basement membrane is removed the epithelium is going to fall apart

38
Q

Epithelial junctions- Occluding (tight) junctions

A

-Band-like fusions between cells that are impervious to most molecules (don’t let fluid pass through)

-Prevent diffusion between cells

39
Q

Epithelial junctions- Desmosomes (Anchoring/Adherent junctions)

A

Plaques that form physical joins between cells and connect the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells

Spread forces across several cells so mechanical laid is spread across multiple epithelial cells

Prominent in the skin due to skin being exposed to large forces

Above the basement layer

40
Q

Epithelial junctions- Gap (aka communicating) junctions

A

Electrical junctions that permit the transfer of small molecules

Electrically couple adjacent cells

41
Q

A gland secretes by shedding individual cells. What type of secretion is this?

A

Holocrine

42
Q

Which 2 proteins are principally involved in the generation of ciliary movement?

A

Tubulin and dynein

43
Q

Hemidesmosomes

A

Helps with the adhesion of the epithelial cells to the basement membrane

44
Q

Types of tissue

A

Epithelia

Supporting tissues

Muscle

45
Q

Epithelia

A

one or more layers of cells that line a body cavity

protection, absorption, secretion

46
Q

Supporting tissues

A

structure and protection

cartilage, bones, tendons and blood

47
Q

Muscle

A

Smooth

Skeletal

Heart

IMMS (29 decks)

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