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IMMS > Histology- Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Histology- Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Main origin of connective tissue

A

Mainly derived from undifferentiated pluripotential mesenchymal cells

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2
Q

The undifferentiated pluripotential mesenchymal cells give rise to different types of cells including

A

Mast cell

Fibroblast and so Fibrocyte

Chondroblast and so Chondrocyte | most cartilage cells

Osteoblast and so osteocyte | most bone cells

Adipocyte (brown adipose tissue) |fat cells

Adipocyte (white adipose tissue)

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3
Q

Some of our connective tissue also come from Haematopoetic stem cell line including

A

Monocytes

Macrophages

Lymphocytes

Mast cells

Blood cells and others

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4
Q

Constitutes of connective tissue

A

Cells

Visible fibres-extracellular component

Ground substance (hydrophilic jelly)- this is invisible and is an extra cellular component

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5
Q

Cellular component includes

A

Fibroblasts/cytes

Adipose cells

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6
Q

Visible fibres include

A

Collagen

Elastic

Reticulin

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7
Q

Ground substance (hydrophilic jelly) includes

A

Proteoglycans

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGS)

Laminin

Fibronectin

-invisible fibres

Does not stain with H&E therefore appears as white spaces on histological slides

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8
Q

Types of connective tissue

A

Fibrous- loose/dense

Hard- cartilage/bone

Fatty- white/brown

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9
Q

What is the principle extracellular fibre of connective tissue?

A

Collagen

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10
Q

What secretes collagen?

A

Fibroblasts secrete collagen in the form of precursor units called tropocollagen

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11
Q

What is tropocollagen

A

Is a triple helix of peptides

The fibres of collagen are assembles extracellularly

Collagen fibres are much longer than the cells which produce them

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12
Q

More than 20 different types of collagen

5 that we must know:

A

1: skin

2: cartilage

3 (this type is called reticulin): liver, bone marrow, spleen
Provides a scaffold for these organs

4: basement membranes (predominantly in epithelia)

5: placenta

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13
Q

Collagen fibres staining and appearance when stained

A

Extracellular fibres that stain pink with H&E

Variable thickness and length, often run in bundles
Sometimes all in the same orientation and sometimes in a more haphazard arrangement (lacking any principal of organisation)

Sometime confused for muscle fibres that also stain pink (but are intracellular so the nucleus lies within them)

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14
Q

Loose connective tissues comprises of

A

Widely spaced thin collagen fibres

Fibroblasts/fibrocytes
Blasts when immature
Cytes when mature
Here the terms are used interchangeably

Unstained ground substance (white areas)
Abundant in this tissue type

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15
Q

Dense connective tissue

A

Closely spaced thick collagen fibres with intervening nuclei of the fibroblasts/fibrocytes that have produced them

Unstained ground substance (white areas)
Here there is far less abundant unstained ground substance than loose connective tissue

May be described as regular or irregular depending on the arrangement of the collagen fibres of the fibroblasts within it

When there is a haphazard arrangement of the collagen and fibroblasts= irregular tissue (found in penis fascia)

When the collagen fibres and fibroblasts are regularly arranged running parallel to each other= regular tissue (found in tendons)

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16
Q

Reticulin (type 3 collagen)

A

Forms fibres

Forms a supporting scaffold to epithelial cells in many organs including; liver, kidney

Also provides scaffold to other types of tissue such as blood cells.
So also found in bone marrow, spleen, lymph node

Not easily visible on H&E so need a silver stain

17
Q

Elastin

A

Elastic tissue contains fine fibres or sheets of elastic

Elastin fibres may be branched or unbranded

Produced by fibroblasts

Stain pink on H&E

Easily confused with smooth muscle cells

18
Q

White adipose (fatty) tissue

A

Large cells with single fat globule in each cell

Usually appear empty (white) in conventional slides as fat is extracted during processing

Can be easily confused with lung, but lung tissue will usually have an airway

19
Q

Brown adipose (fatty) tissue

A

Cells with many globules of fat

Found across shoulders and down back of newborn

Important in neonatal thermo-regulation (generate heat on breakdown)

Has multivaculated cells
Fat is present as multiple globules that are not bound by membranes, giving them a pink foamy appearance with white space where the fat was and pink space from other components, eg cytoplasm

20
Q

Constituents of cartilage

A

Hard connective tissue

Comprises of two cell types: immature chondroblasts and mature Chondrocytes
These are set in an abundant extracellular matrix

Extracellular matrix:
Glycosaminglycans including hyaluronic acid
Proteoglycans including condroitin sulphate, Keratan glycan

Extracellular fibres: collagen and elastin

Cartilage is AVASCULAR- derives its blood supply from ventricles on either side of cartilage

21
Q

Hyaline cartilage

A

Found in synovial joints

Chondrocytes in lacunae surrounded by a glassy amorphous matrix (bluey grey colour)

No visible fibres

Perichondrium- fibroblasts and collagen

22
Q

Elastic cartilage

A

Found in the pinnacle and epiglottis

Visible elastic fibres in the matrix (blue grey in appearance)

Perichondrium- fibroblasts and collagen found here

Visible with an H&E stain but much more visible in silver stain that highlights the elastic fibres

23
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Found in the annulus fibrous and pubic symphysis

Visible collagen fibres in matrix

Perichondrium- fibroblasts and collagen

24
Q

Synovium

A

Lines the inside of the joint capsule

1-4 layers of synovial cells that comprise of specialised synovial cells

Two types of synovial cells
-Type A- phagocytes
-Type B- rich in rER and secret synovial fluid

Variable shapes ranging from squamous to cuboidal

Richly vascular and highly innervated

25
Q

Muscle types

A

Visceral (smooth) muscle
Found in: arterial wall, wall of intensive, airway of lungs

Voluntary (skeletal muscle
Found in: skeletal muscle, larynx, diaphragm

Cardiac muscle
Found in: Heart, base of great vessels

Other contractile cells
Found in: pericytes, myo-fibroblasts, myo-epithelial cells

26
Q

Smooth muscle

A

Involuntary muscle

Individual fusiform cells that have central and flattened nucleus

No striations

Non-branching cellular structure

IMMS (29 decks)

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