Molecular Biology 2.4

Question 1

Amino acid Functional groups

Answer 1

1) amine group

2) Carboxyl group

Question 2

Peptide bond

Answer 2

is between amine group and Carboxyl group

Question 3

What is Rubisco ?

Answer 3

Enzyme that catalyses the first reaction of the carbon fixing reactions of photosynthesis.

Question 4

What is Insulin?

Answer 4

1) A protein hormone produced by the pancreas
2) Helps in the decreasing the blood sugar levels.
3) Increases sugar level inside cells

Question 5

What is Immunoglobulin

Answer 5

1) Antibody

2) Recognizes antigen as part of the immune response

Question 6

What is Rhodopsin

Answer 6

1) Pigment found in the retina of the eye.

2) Useful in low light conditions

Question 7

What is collagen

Answer 7

1) Main protein component of connective tissue
2) Abundant in skin, tendons, ligaments.
3) Collagen has many important functions, including providing your skin with structure and strengthening your bones

Question 8

What is spider silk ?

Answer 8

1) Fibrous protein spun by spiders

2) Making webs, drop lines, nest building

Question 9

4 levels of protein organization

Answer 9

1) Primary
2) secondary
3) Tertiary
4) Quaternary

Question 10

what is primary structure of protein

Answer 10

1) Refers to the sequence of amino acids within protein

Question 11

what is secondary structure of protein ?

Answer 11

1) refers to the coiling or folding of a polypeptide chain
2) two types of secondary structures observed in proteins : Alpha helix and Beta sheets
3) Alpha helix: This structure resembles a coiled spring and is secured by hydrogen bonding in the polypeptide chain.
4) The second type of secondary structure in proteins is the beta (β) pleated sheet. This structure appears to be folded or pleated and is held together by hydrogen bonding
5) form within a polypeptide due to interactions between atoms of the backbone.
5) example: spider silk

Question 12

what is Tertiary structure of protein ?

Answer 12

1) The overall three-dimensional structure of a polypeptide is called its tertiary structure. The tertiary structure is primarily due to interactions between the R groups of the amino acids that make up the protein.
2) Examples: Enzymes.

Question 13

what is Quaternary structure of protein ?

Answer 13

1) Two or more polypeptides combined together to make a single functional protein
e. g : Haemoglobin

Question 14

What is Proteome ?

Answer 14

The entire complement of proteins that is or can be expressed by a cell, tissue, or organism.

Question 15

Why we have unique proteome ?

Answer 15

1) Specific DNA sequence unique to each individual.
2) DNA is genetic code for proteins
3) Each individual has a unique set of proteins he or she is capable of synthesizing .

Question 16

How does high temperature damages protein structure ?

Answer 16

1) Increase molecular motion
2) Stress on relatively weak intra molecular bonds
3) Primary structure remains intact
4) Hydrogen bonds can not stay in place
5) Protein loses its 3 dimensional shape and function

Question 17

what happens when we have extra H+ or OH- ions

Answer 17

1) Extra charges in the blood plasma, cytoplasm prevents the normal hydrogen bonding .