Molecular Biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

snRNP function in? Name some antibodies?

A

Splicesome

i.e. Anti-smith, anti-U1 RNP

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2
Q

Anti-smith antibodies is highly specific for?

A

SLE

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3
Q

Splicesomes function to splice?

A

pre-mRNA

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4
Q

Three Stop Codons?

A

UAG, UGA, UAA

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5
Q

DNA polymerase III vs polymerase I

A

Polymerase III- Elongates leading and lagging strand

Polymerase I-Degrades RNA primer

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6
Q

Fluoroquinolones inhibit? What do these class of enzymes do?

A

Topoisomerase II and IV

Add or Remove supercoils

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7
Q

Telomerase activity is increased in?

A

Cancer cells

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8
Q

Frameshift vs nonsense vs missense vs silent. Rank from worst to best

A

Frameshift, non sense, missense, silent

Worst to Best

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9
Q

UGA has a mutation for UAG, what is this mutation called?

A

Silent=> both produce termination sequences

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10
Q

Sickle cell disease (substitution of glutamic acid with valine) is a example of?

A

missense

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11
Q

Nonsense mutations result in early? Why?

A

Stop Codon

Because the C terminal would be completely removed

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12
Q

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is an example of what kind of mutation?

A

Frameshift mutation

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13
Q

Frameshift mutations produce?

A

Truncated, nonfunctional protein

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14
Q

For a lac operon, a repressor protein exists when there is?

A

No Lactose

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15
Q

How does low glucose increase CAP activity?

A

low glucose=>increased cAMP=>CAP=>transcription

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16
Q

How does Nucleotide excision repair work?

A

endonuclease=>DNA polymerase =>ligase

17
Q

When does Nucleotide excision repair work? When does Base Excision Repair work?

A

G1
Repairs ONE nucleotide at a time

Base Excision
“spontaneous deamination can happen at any time”

18
Q

How does Base Excision excision repair work?

A

Spontaneous Deamination (C=>U) => Uracil Glycolyase=>AP endonuclease=>Lyase=>DNA polymerase =>ligase

19
Q

Xeroderma pigmentosum is representative of what disease? is due to? Results in?

A

Nucleotide excision repair defect

Cause: UV Result: thymine dimers

20
Q

Mismatch Repair defect leads to?

A

Microsatilite instability

21
Q

MisMatch Repair defect occurs in? How does it work? In what disease do you see it?

A

Occurs in: G2 (MisMatch has two M’s)
Finds: GATC sequence that has not been methylated (It will usually distort the DNA)
Cuts: Enzyme cuts that sequence

Disease: HNPCC

22
Q

Brings together 2 ends of DNA fragments to repair double-stranded breaks? Give 2 examples of them?

A

Nonhomologous end joining (dsDNA repair)

Ataxia telangiectasia, Fanconi’s anemia

23
Q

BRCA genes are what kind of genes?

A

DNA repair genes

24
Q

Drugs blocking DNA replication and creating Chain termination have modified? Give an example?

A

3’OH

Acyclovir

25
Q

Promotor mutation leads to? Is the promoter ever transcribed?

A

Dramatic decrease in level of gene transcription

No

26
Q

rRNA stands for? mRNA stands for? tRNA stands for? Who makes these RNAs

A

RNA polymerase I-rRNA=rampant=numerous
RNA polymerase II-mRNA=massive
RNA polymerase III-tRNA=tiny

27
Q

α-amanitin inhibits? How does it do this?

A

RNA polymerase II

How: interferes with translocation of RNA & DNA needed to empty the site for the next round of RNA synthesis

28
Q

Rifampin inhibits? How does it do this?

A

RNA polymerase in prokaryotes

How: blocking the formation (Ri-Form-pin) of the phosphodiester bond in the RNA backbone=>truncated RNA

29
Q

ß-thalassemia is a result of what abnormal process?

A

Splicing

30
Q

In Protein Synthesis, ATP is used for? GTP is used for?

A
Activation (charging)
Going places (Translocation)
31
Q

Zyomyogen=>mature protein; this process is called?

A

trimming

32
Q

Heat Shock Proteins are called?

A

Chaperone proteins

33
Q

What activity is increased in cancer cells and decreased in progeria?

A

Telomerase activity

34
Q

Transition vs Transversion?

A

Transition: purine to purine
Transversion: purine to pyrimidine (conVERTing to something different)

35
Q

Prokaryote’s mRNA start codon? What is its significance?

A

N-formylmethionine (fMet)

fMet induces neutrophil chemotaxis

36
Q

What clinical findings do you get from alpha amanitin? What is the mechanism? Treatment?

A

Stops DNA/RNA translocation=>decreases RNA synthesis=>destruction of liver cells

Tx: Silymarin: prevents toxins from entering and allows for regeneration of liver

37
Q

Actinomycin D or Called Dactinomycin inhibits? Difference between Actinomycin and Rifampin? How does it do this?

A

RNA polymerase

Actinomycin or Dactinomycin (2 words) blocks polymerase in both (2) prokaryotes and eukaryotes while Rifampin only blocks prokaryotes

How: binding DNA at the transcription initiation complex=> prevents elongation of RNA

38
Q

What is the purpose of Capping and Tailing?

A

Capping: orients mRNA on ribosome
Tailing: gives it a longer half-life

39
Q

Anti-U1 RNP is associated with?

A

Mixed Connective Tissue Disease