Molecular and cellular physiology

Question 1

The role of Arginine Vasopressin example

Answer 1

Brattleboro rats

ingest copious amounts water (diabetes)

Question 2

methylation

Answer 2

prevents gene transcription (adds methyl group to Cs)

Question 3

histone acetylation

Answer 3

removal of acetyl groups leads to compaction of DNA (inhibits transcription (hetero-chromatin))

Question 4

DNA methylation + histone deacetylation =

Answer 4

DECREASE transcription

Question 5

DNA unmethylation + histone acetylation =

Answer 5

INCREASE transcription

Question 6

Identical twins can be EPIGENETICALLY…

Answer 6

different

Question 7

Example of the effect of methylation

Answer 7

C57 in mice = darker fur with increased promoter methylation

Question 8

what is microRNA

Answer 8

20-50bp

mediate base pairing interactions to specific RNA/DNA sites (protein ligands)

Question 9

what is long ncRNA

Answer 9

> 200bp

versatility for protein and base pair recognition

Question 10

non-coding RNA

Answer 10

splice/cut other mRNA OR directly cut other RNA

create repetitive ‘telomerase’ regions at end of chromosomes

Question 11

adipose tissue

Answer 11

where fat is stored

Question 12

saturated

Answer 12

no double bonds

Question 13

unsaturated fat (+ example)

Answer 13

double bonds

e.g.) trans fats - hard to break down (lots of =)

Question 14

LDL cholesterol

Answer 14

facilitates plaque formation -> atherosclerosis (heart disease)

Question 15

HDL cholesterol

Answer 15

transports LDL to live for degradation