Molecular And Cellular

Question 1

Ionic bonding

Answer 1

Electron donation/ acception between atoms to give changes in atomic orbitals

Question 2

Hydrogen bonding

Answer 2

The electrostatic force attraction between a partial positive hydrogen and a partial negative N, O or F

Question 3

Covalent bonding

Answer 3

Electron sharing between atoms to create hybrid molecular orbitals

Question 4

Van der Waals interaction

Answer 4

Weak intermolecular forces that exist in all molecules due to the displacement of electrons

Question 5

Stereochemistry

Answer 5

When molecules adopt a specific shape based on their bond systems

Question 6

Polarity

Answer 6

Bonds and compounds with asymmetric charge distribution

Question 7

Electronegativity

Answer 7

The relative strength of attraction of atomic nucleus for electrons

Question 8

Charge-based interactions

Answer 8

Electrostatic interactions that take place between charged groups and other charged groups or dipoles

Question 9

Sequence

Answer 9

Linear ordering of monomer units in biopolymers

Question 10

Structure

Answer 10

Spatial arrangement of atoms to form functional configurations for mechanisms e.g catalysis, macromolecular assembly

Question 11

Entropy

Answer 11

A thermodynamic term relating to order in physical systems; inversely related to information; component of free energy in transitions 🔼G = 🔼H-T🔼S

Question 12

DNA

Answer 12

A nucleic acid that functions in stable genetic storage and replication. Transcribed to RNA for functional expression

Question 13

RNA

Answer 13

Labile genetic expression. Several types for several functions. Expressed form of gene information; structural and catalytic roles

Question 14

Protein

Answer 14

The main products of genes, function as chemical machines to carry out cellular tasks, chemical and structural

Question 15

Triacyl glycerols

Answer 15

Esters of fatty acids and glycerol ; cell membranes

Question 16

Steroids

Answer 16

An organic compound with four carbon rings arrangers in a specific configuration. Membranes (cholesterol) and hormones

Question 17

Fatty acids

Answer 17

Alkyl chains of varying length terminated by a carboxylic acid group

Question 18

pH

Answer 18

Negative log10 of the proton concentration

Question 19

Cell wall

Answer 19

Rigid layer surrounding the cytoplasmic membrane

Question 20

Outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria

Answer 20

Covers the cell wall and acts as a molecular sieve

Question 21

Beta-lactams

Answer 21

Antibiotics that bind directly to transpeptidase and prevents it from cross-linking peptide bonds

Question 22

Glycopeptides

Answer 22

Bind to peptide side chains and prevent transpeptidase from cross-linking peptide bonds

Question 23

Photosynthesis

Answer 23

The fixation of carbon dioxide and water using rubisco and atp