Molecular And Cellular Flashcards
Ionic bonding
Electron donation/ acception between atoms to give changes in atomic orbitals
Hydrogen bonding
The electrostatic force attraction between a partial positive hydrogen and a partial negative N, O or F
Covalent bonding
Electron sharing between atoms to create hybrid molecular orbitals
Van der Waals interaction
Weak intermolecular forces that exist in all molecules due to the displacement of electrons
Stereochemistry
When molecules adopt a specific shape based on their bond systems
Polarity
Bonds and compounds with asymmetric charge distribution
Electronegativity
The relative strength of attraction of atomic nucleus for electrons
Charge-based interactions
Electrostatic interactions that take place between charged groups and other charged groups or dipoles
Sequence
Linear ordering of monomer units in biopolymers
Structure
Spatial arrangement of atoms to form functional configurations for mechanisms e.g catalysis, macromolecular assembly
Entropy
A thermodynamic term relating to order in physical systems; inversely related to information; component of free energy in transitions 🔼G = 🔼H-T🔼S
DNA
A nucleic acid that functions in stable genetic storage and replication. Transcribed to RNA for functional expression
RNA
Labile genetic expression. Several types for several functions. Expressed form of gene information; structural and catalytic roles
Protein
The main products of genes, function as chemical machines to carry out cellular tasks, chemical and structural
Triacyl glycerols
Esters of fatty acids and glycerol ; cell membranes
Steroids
An organic compound with four carbon rings arrangers in a specific configuration. Membranes (cholesterol) and hormones
Fatty acids
Alkyl chains of varying length terminated by a carboxylic acid group
pH
Negative log10 of the proton concentration
Cell wall
Rigid layer surrounding the cytoplasmic membrane
Outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria
Covers the cell wall and acts as a molecular sieve
Beta-lactams
Antibiotics that bind directly to transpeptidase and prevents it from cross-linking peptide bonds
Glycopeptides
Bind to peptide side chains and prevent transpeptidase from cross-linking peptide bonds
Photosynthesis
The fixation of carbon dioxide and water using rubisco and atp
