Gene Tech + Molecular Med

Question 1

Genetic engineering

Answer 1

The application of recombinant DNA technology to specific biological, biomedical or agricultural problems, by the deliberate artificial manipulation of genes

Question 2

Clone

Answer 2

Genetically identical population of organisms, cells, viruses or DNA molecules

Question 3

Recombinant DNA

Answer 3

DNA molecules containing covalently linked segments derived from two or more DNA sources

Question 4

Genomic DNA library

Answer 4

A collection of individual clones that in total make up the entire genomic DNA from the organism in question. The DNA is stored in a population of identical vectors, each with a different clone

Question 5

cDNA library

Answer 5

A collection of individual clones each containing an insert that represents a single mRNA. Since different cell types express different genes, many cDNA libraries are required for each organism

Question 6

qPCR

Answer 6

Monitors the amount of amplified as the reaction occurs. The amount of product is directly related to the fluorescence of the sybr green dye

Question 7

Ct value

Answer 7

The number of PCR cycles required to cross the fluorescence detection threshold. Smaller ct more target DNA in starting sample

Question 8

Transcriptiome

Answer 8

Set of all RNA molecules mRNA, rRNA, tRNA and other non-coding RNA produced in one or a population of cells

Question 9

DNA microarrays

Answer 9

2D arrays of DNA oligonucleotides on a solid support that can be used to analyze a genome or transcriptiome in a single experiment

Question 10

Diploid

Answer 10

Containing one set of chromosomes from each parent (maternal and paternal)

Question 11

Locus

Answer 11

Specific position on a chromosome

Question 12

An allele

Answer 12

An alternative form a gene (one member of a pair) that is located at a specific position on a chromosome

Question 13

Homozygous

Answer 13

Having identical alleles for a gene or locus

Question 14

Heterozygous

Answer 14

Having two different alleles for a gene or locus

Question 15

What does RFLP stand for

Answer 15

Restriction fragment length polymorphism

Question 16

What does VNTR stand for

Answer 16

Variable number of tandem repeats

Question 17

Alu elements

Answer 17

Primate-specific repeats in the human genome that have a range of influences on gene expression

Question 18

Genetic-linkage mapping

Answer 18

Maps which illustrate the arrangement of genes and genetic markers along chromosomes as calculated by the frequency with which they are inherited together

Question 19

Physical genetic map

Answer 19

Representation of the chromosome, providing the physical distance between landmarks on the chromosome, ideally measured in nucleotide bases

Question 20

STS

Answer 20

The Sequence-Tagged Site is a short, easily PCR-amplified sequence which only occurs once in the genome and whose location is mapped. These serve as markers of genes along the chromosome

Question 21

Genome annotation

Answer 21

Extraction , definition, and interpretation, of features on the genome sequence derived by integrating computational tools and biological knowledge

Question 22

Quantitative traits

Answer 22

Traits which show continued variation due to small effects caused by genetic variation that alters the products or expression levels of several genes e.g height

Question 23

Linkage equilibrium

Answer 23

When genotype at one locus is independent of the genotype at another locus and recombination can occur

Question 24

Linkage disequilibrium

Answer 24

Occurs when genotype sod two loci are dependent and no recombination occurs