Gene Tech + Molecular Med Flashcards
Genetic engineering
The application of recombinant DNA technology to specific biological, biomedical or agricultural problems, by the deliberate artificial manipulation of genes
Clone
Genetically identical population of organisms, cells, viruses or DNA molecules
Recombinant DNA
DNA molecules containing covalently linked segments derived from two or more DNA sources
Genomic DNA library
A collection of individual clones that in total make up the entire genomic DNA from the organism in question. The DNA is stored in a population of identical vectors, each with a different clone
cDNA library
A collection of individual clones each containing an insert that represents a single mRNA. Since different cell types express different genes, many cDNA libraries are required for each organism
qPCR
Monitors the amount of amplified as the reaction occurs. The amount of product is directly related to the fluorescence of the sybr green dye
Ct value
The number of PCR cycles required to cross the fluorescence detection threshold. Smaller ct more target DNA in starting sample
Transcriptiome
Set of all RNA molecules mRNA, rRNA, tRNA and other non-coding RNA produced in one or a population of cells
DNA microarrays
2D arrays of DNA oligonucleotides on a solid support that can be used to analyze a genome or transcriptiome in a single experiment
Diploid
Containing one set of chromosomes from each parent (maternal and paternal)
Locus
Specific position on a chromosome
An allele
An alternative form a gene (one member of a pair) that is located at a specific position on a chromosome
Homozygous
Having identical alleles for a gene or locus
Heterozygous
Having two different alleles for a gene or locus
What does RFLP stand for
Restriction fragment length polymorphism
What does VNTR stand for
Variable number of tandem repeats
Alu elements
Primate-specific repeats in the human genome that have a range of influences on gene expression
Genetic-linkage mapping
Maps which illustrate the arrangement of genes and genetic markers along chromosomes as calculated by the frequency with which they are inherited together
Physical genetic map
Representation of the chromosome, providing the physical distance between landmarks on the chromosome, ideally measured in nucleotide bases
STS
The Sequence-Tagged Site is a short, easily PCR-amplified sequence which only occurs once in the genome and whose location is mapped. These serve as markers of genes along the chromosome
Genome annotation
Extraction , definition, and interpretation, of features on the genome sequence derived by integrating computational tools and biological knowledge
Quantitative traits
Traits which show continued variation due to small effects caused by genetic variation that alters the products or expression levels of several genes e.g height
Linkage equilibrium
When genotype at one locus is independent of the genotype at another locus and recombination can occur
Linkage disequilibrium
Occurs when genotype sod two loci are dependent and no recombination occurs
