Modules of nursing care Flashcards
the nursing process?
assessment nursing diagnosis planning implementation evaluation
the nursing process
assessment?
data collection
asses the individuality of the patient
- subjective and objective observations
- questionnaire with owner to find out normal routine
- information from team members or referral sight
the nursing process
nursing diagnosis?
identify actual and potential problems
- actual = already in existence (eg anorexic)
- potential = might occur as a result (eg weight loss)
identify priorities amongst problems
the nursing process
planning?
the information gained can be used to set goals and a plan to reach them
- solve actual problems
- prevent potential problems
- prevent problems reacurring
- help patient be as comfortable as possible
- help patient and client cope with problems that can’t be solved
a goal has to be set out for every actual and potential problem should have short and long term should also be SMART - specific - measurable - action orientated - realistic - time orientated
the nursing process
implementation?
the doing stage
- make a care plan
- achieve goals
important that nurses make it clear what decision has been made
any information should be clearly recorded on a care plan
treatment administered should always be initialled
the nursing process
evaluation?
vital part of process
by evaluating the planning and implementations you can see whether the patient and/or client has benefitted
if aims have no been achieved think: - was the goal partially achieved - has the problem improved at all - has the problem worsened - was the goal appropriate - is intervention from other members needed then make a new care - cycle
reasons for nursing care plans?
provide a framework to help follow the nursing process
provide consistency in care given
less conflict between nurses on care
- often care plans are made in a group
incorporate care given by other team members
gives directions and guides decisions
orem’s model?
first published 1971 then refined 1980-2001
human nursing
focuses on self care
- orem believed each person should take initiative and be active in their care
- including immediate family
the nurse or practitioner should only become involved when patient’s ability to achieve the 8 needs is compromised
orem believed individuals should be involved with making decisions regarding their health
orem sees the nursing process as fluid and assessment as a continuing process
- as more information about the patient is learned
orem’s model
8 self care needs?
sufficient intake of air
sufficient intake of water
sufficient intake of food
satisfactory eliminative functions
activity balanced with rest
balance between solitude and social interaction
prevention of hazards to life, functioning and well-being
promoting of functioning and development within social groups
- and desire to feel ‘normal’
orem’s model
self-care abilities and limitations?
self-care abilities = what the patient or family is able to do
- eg able to eat
self-care limitations = what’s stopping patient meeting their needs
- eg inappetence as nauseous
the nurse should intervene when the limitations outweigh the self-care abilities
orem’s model
developmental self-care?
it is also important to consider life stage of the patient as this changes their level of independence
inter-uterine and birth - high dependence
neonatal life - high dependence
childhood and adulthood - decreasing dependence
progressive stages of adulthood - little dependence
pregnancy - high dependence
progressive stages of elder - increasing dependence
-
Roper, Logan and Tierey’s model
RLT
‘activities of living’
first use in 1983
for human nursing
became popular due to
- simplistic structure
- can use on a wide range of clinical settings
Roper, Logan and Tierey’s model
five parts?
activities of living (x12) patients lifespan dependence - independence continuum factors affecting activities of living (x5) individuality in living
Roper, Logan and Tierey’s model
activities of living?
maintaining a safe environment communicating breathing eating and drinking eliminating personal dressing and cleaning controlling body temperature mobilising working and playing expressing seuality sleeping dying (lead up to)
Roper, Logan and Tierey’s model
lifespan?
from birth to death
- baby/toddler
- adolescence
- adulthood
- senior citizen
requires prior knowledge and understanding of life staged for each species and breed
will vary for each individual
- some make it to old age, sadly some don’t
