IVFT general and calculations Flashcards
reasons for needing fluid therapy?
disease surgery dehydration blood loss starvation shock
types of fluids?
blood products
- blood
- plasma
- oxyglobin
colloids
- plasma substitutes
crystalloids
colloids vs crystalloids?
colloids
- fluids contain large molecules
- eg gelatine and starch
- designed to stay in circulation
- so expand plasma volume - quickly and effective
- overtime will break down but by then can be on fluids
crystalloids
- water with electrolytes (glucose and salts)
- small molecules so pass readily leave circulation
- common use
- when mildly dehydrated or maintenance fluids (eg under surgery)
- can be isotonic, hypotonic or hypertonic
isotonic?
exerts same osmotic pressure as blood plasma
- eg 0.9% NaCl (normal saline)
- eg Lactated Ringers / Hartmann’s solution
- eg Ringer’s solution
water moves everywhere freely
- so diffuses where needed
- slower process to increase plasma volume
hypertonic?
exerts greater osmotic pressure than blood pressure
- eg 7.2% NaCl (hypertonic saline)
more fluid diffuses into the blood
- so increase in plasma volume
as soon as finished put onto isotonic
- recorrect/stop dehydration
hypotonic?
exerts lower osmotic pressure than blood plasma
- eg sterile water
more fluid moves into organs
- so decrease in plasma volume
- but better hydration
don’t use long - cause shock
regular checks of patient on IVFT?
demeanour temperature pulse rate and quality respiration rate and sound - crackling=drowning CRT and MM colour urine output PCV (packed cell volume)
catheter care?
if no fluids, flush every 4-6 hours with heparised saline
- to prevent clotting
flush every time give meds
- saline, meds, salie
- to stop contamination
- and check still in the vein by drawing back
replace bandage at least once a day
- often done in morning
- and whenever soiled
check catheter site once a day for signs of inflammation or infection
- site can be pale or discoloured
- shouldn’t be any blood or discharge
replace in accordance to manufacturer’s recommendations
checking catheter site?
catheter and vein patency
- drawback slightly, should see blood
- warning signs: no dripping or fluid pump warnings
leaks
- check line, bandage and bedding isn’t wet
drip still running and no kinks/blockages
- warning signs: no dripping or fluid pump warnings
missing sutures or damaged tape
- signs of interference/movement
damage to catheter
contamination of extension sets, 3 way taps and bungs
- especially if vomiting/have diarrhoea
swollen paw
- bandage too tight or clot in vein
signs of phlebitis
- inflammation of vein
- red, swelling and hot
signs of thrombophlebitis
- inflammation of vein caused by clot
- red, swelling, hot and hard vein
signs of infection
- temperature, swelling, discharge
IVFT calculations considerations?
age of animal
weight of animal
time scale
important to avoid over diffusion (drawing) or under diffusion (dehydration)
normal maintenance rate?
50mls/kg/24hours
how to calculate amount of fluid required for the day?
body weight (kg) x 50
how to calculate amount of fluid per hour?
divide per day by 24
how to calculate amount of fluid per minute
divide per hour by 60
how to calculate amount of fluid per second
divide per minute by 60
