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Psych 10 > Modules 50-1 > Flashcards

Modules 50-1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Schizophrenia symtptoms

A
  • disorganized thinking, speech, delusions
  • disturbed perceptions; hallucinations
  • unusual emotions and actions, including flat affect, and cataconia
  • subtypes
  • onset and course
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2
Q

causes of schizophrenia symptoms

A
  • brain: dopamine overactivity
  • abnormal brain anatomy and activity
  • maternal virus during pregnancy
  • associated genes
  • social-psychological influences
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3
Q

schizophrenia

A

the mind is split from reality (split from one’s own thoughts so that they appear as hallucinations)

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4
Q

psychosis

A

refers to a mental split from reality and rationality

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5
Q

positive (presence) of problematic behaviors in schizo

A
  • hallucinations, especially auditory
  • delusions, especially persecutory and of grandeur
  • disorganized thought and nonsensical speech (talking back to hallucinations)
  • bizarre behaviors
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6
Q

negative (absence) of healthy behaviors in schizo

A
  • flat affect (no emotion showing in the face)
  • reduced social interaction
  • anhedonia
  • avolition
  • alogia
  • catatonia
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7
Q

anhedonia

A

no feeling of enjoyment

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8
Q

avolition

A

less motivation, initiative, focus on tasks

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9
Q

alogia

A

speaking less

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10
Q

catatonia

A

moving less

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11
Q

hallucinations

A

perceptual experiences not shared by others
- often auditory hearing voices
could be visual, olfactory, tactile, or gustatory (taste)

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12
Q

flat affect

A

facial/body expression is “flat” with no visible emotional content

could also be “blunt” affect with still minimal emotional content

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13
Q

schizophrenia flat affect

A

odd and socially inappropriate responses like looking bored or amused while hearing of death

– impaired perception of emotions, including not “reading’ others’ intentions and feelings

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14
Q

schizophrenia inappropriate actions/behavior

A
  • repetitive behaviors such as rocking and rubbing

- catatonia : sitting motionless and unresponsive for hours

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15
Q

Onset of schizo (timing when you get it in development)

A

symptoms appear at end of adolescence and in early adulthood (later for women than for men)

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16
Q

prevalence of schizo

A

1/100 (slightly more in men)

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17
Q

acute/reactive development of schizo

A

in reaction to stress, some people develop positive symptoms such as hallucinations

  • recovery is likely
  • also genetically predispositioned dont’ show until the traumatic event
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18
Q

chronic/process development of schizo

A

develops slowly with more negative symptoms such as flat affect and social withdrawal

  • with treatment and support, there may be periods of normal life, but not a cure
  • without treatment, this type often leads to poverty and social problems
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19
Q

subtypes of schizo

A 
paranoid
disorganized
catatonic
undifferentiated
residual
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20
Q

paranoid schizo symptoms

A

plagued by hallucinations, often with negative messages, and delusions, both grandiose and persecutory

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21
Q

disorganized schizo symptoms

A

primary symptoms are flat affect, incoherent speech, random behavior

22
Q

catatonic schizo symptoms

A

rarely initiating or controlling movement; copies others’ speech and actions

23
Q

undifferentiated schizo

A

many varied symptoms

24
Q

residual schizo

A

withdrawal continues after positive symptoms have dissappeared

25
Q

schizo brain structure

A
  • too much dopaminergic receptor activation – explains paranoia and hallucinations
  • poor coordination of neural firing in frontal lobes (impairs judgment, self-control)
  • thalamus fires during hallucinations as if real sensations were being received
  • general shrinking of many brain areas and connections between them (increased ventricles holes)
26
Q

risk factors of early development for schizo

A
  • low birth weight
  • maternal diabetes
  • older paternal age
  • famine
  • oxygen deprivation during delivery
  • maternal virus during mid-pregnancy impairing brain development
27
Q

flu season vs schizo

A

more likely in babies born:

  • during and after flue epidemics
  • in densely populated areas
  • a few months after flu season
  • after mothers had the flue during the second trimester, or had antibodies showing viral infection

– get flu shots with early fall pregnancies

28
Q

genetic risk factors for schizo

A

identical twins: if one has it, the other is much more likely to get it

– linked genes but require environmental factors to turn them on

adoptive parents with schizo does not increase likelihood of developing schizo

29
Q

social-psychological factors

A

alone cannot cause schizo

- stress may be a factor

30
Q

social psychological factors appearing before onset of schizo

A
  • early separation from parents
  • short attention span
  • disruptive or withdrawn behavior
  • emotional unpredictability
  • poor peer relations and/or solitary play
31
Q

biological factors appearing before onset of schizo

A
  • having a moher with severe chronic schizo
  • birth complications, including oxygen deprivation and low birth weight
  • poor muscle coordination
32
Q

dissociation

A

refers to a separation of conscious awareness from thoughts, memory, bodily sensations, feelings, or even from identity

  • can serve as a psychological escape from an overwhelmingly stressful situation
33
Q

dissociative disorder

A

separate from thoughts feelings identitiyes (not consciously aware of them) dysfunction and distress caused by chronic and severe dissociation

34
Q

dissociateive amnesia

A

loss of memory with no known physical cause; inability to recall selected memories or any memories

35
Q

dissociative fugue subtype of dissociative amnesia

A

“running away” state; wandering away from one’s life, memory, and identity, with no memory of these

36
Q

dissociative identity disorder (DID)

A

previously known as multiple personality disorder:

development of separate personalities

37
Q

personalities of DID

A
  • distinct and not present in consciousness at the same time

- may or may not appear to be aware of each other`

38
Q

alternative explanations for DID

A
  • dissociative “identities” might just ben an extreme form of playing a role in fantasy-prone people
  • DID in North Am. might be a recent cultural construction, similar to the idea of being possessed by evil spirits
  • cases of DID might be created or worsened by therapists encouraging people to think of different parts of themselves
39
Q

body and DID personalities

A

each have:

  • different brain wave patterns
  • different left/right handedness
  • different visual acuity and eye muscle balance patterns

– patients have heightened activity in areas of the brain associated with managing and inhibiting traumatic memories

40
Q

eating disorders caused by

A
  • unrealistic body image and extreme body ideal
  • desire to control food and the body when one’s situation can’t be controlled
  • cycles of depression
  • health problems
41
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

compulsion to lose weight, coupled with certainty about being fat despite being 15% or more underweight

  • no menstruation, body is small
    (0. 6% of people)
42
Q

bulimia nervosa

A

compulsion to binge, eating large amounts fast, then purge by losing the food through vomiting laxatives, and extreme exercise
- difficult to tell because no weight loss
(1% of people)

43
Q

binge-eating disorder

A

compulsion to binge, followed by guilt and depression

2.8%

44
Q

family/cultural factors of eating disorders

A
  • having a mother focused on her weight, and on child’s appearance and weight
  • negative self-evaluation in the family
  • if childhood obesity runs in family (only BULIMIA)
  • if families are competitive, high-achieving, and protective (only ANOREXIA)
  • unrealistic ideals of body appearance
45
Q

personality disorders

A

enduring patterns of social and other behavior that impair social functioning

46
Q

anxious personality disorders (avoidant)

A

avoidant PD, ruled by fear of social rejection/disapproval

view of self as inadequate, flawed

47
Q

eccentric/odd personality disorders (schizoid)

A

schizoid PD, with flat affect, no social attachments

no interest in any kind of relationship, solitary

48
Q

dramatic personality disorders

A

histrionic PD, extreme attention seeking, even with seductivity/sexuality
narcissistic PD, self-centered
antisocial PD, amoral, apathetic, don’t feel fear
borderline PD, marked impulsivity/instability of affects, fear abandonment - they “split” - from extreme admiration to hatred (overreaction)

49
Q

international mental health issue reports

A

US highest- less stigma, higher accessibility

50
Q

american rates of psych disorders

A 
highest to lowest:
mood 9.5
phobia 8.7
social phobia 6.8
adhd 4.1
ptsd 3.5
anxiety 3.1
schizo 1
ocd 1
51
Q

outcomes for people with psych disorders

A
  • risks to be watchful of, obstacles to be overcome, and improvements to be made, often with the help of treatment
  • some do not recover
  • some achieve greatness, even with PD

Psych 10 (9 decks)

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